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相关概念视频

Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
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在受控通风过程中,吸入气体混合物对手术前患有左心低塑性综合征的婴儿的影响.

S Tabbutt1, C Ramamoorthy, L M Montenegro

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.

Circulation
|September 25, 2001
PubMed
概括

对患有低可塑性左心综合征 (HLHS) 的婴儿的治疗策略进行了比较. 超心动改善了氧气输送,而缺氧没有,尽管两者都降低了肺和全身血流比率.

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科学领域:

  • 儿童心脏病学 儿童心脏病学
  • 新生儿重症监护中心新生儿重症监护中心
  • 心血管生理学心血管生理学

背景情况:

  • 低塑性左心综合征 (HLHS) 管理包括缺氧或高心脏.
  • 没有人体研究直接比较这些手术前策略.
  • 这项研究研究了固定通风下的氧气输送.

研究的目的:

  • 为了比较缺氧与高心血压对婴儿的氧气输送的影响,HLHS.
  • 为了评估系统和脑氧和度的变化.
  • 在这两种条件下评估肺和全身血流比率 (Qp:Qs).

主要方法:

  • 在10名麻醉,的婴儿中进行前性随机交叉试验,这些婴儿患有HLHS.
  • 对比低氧 (17% FIO2) 和高碳水化合物 (2.7% FICO2) 每个10分钟.
  • 通过同氧度和近红外光谱测量了动脉 (SaO2),上静脉 (SvO2) 和大脑 (ScO2) 氧和度.

主要成果:

  • 低氧降低了SaO2和SvO2;高碳水化合物降低了SaO2,但增加了ScO2和SvO2.
  • 高血压缩小了动脉静脉氧差 (AVO2) 和增加大脑氧和 (ScO2).
  • 与基线相比,低氧和高碳水化合物都降低了Qp:Qs比率.

结论:

  • 在接受麻醉/麻的手术前高血压低血压婴儿中,高心脏会增加氧气输送,而缺氧则不会.
  • 这两种干预措施都减少了Qp:Qs.
  • 需要进一步的研究来区分大脑与全身氧气输送效应.