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相关概念视频

Therapeutic Index01:13

Therapeutic Index

The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose that causes toxicity in half the population (50%) to the dose that proves to be effective for half the population (50%). It provides a spectrum of doses for a particular drug ranging from effective to potentially toxic. To illustrate, consider an anticoagulant agent like warfarin. It possesses a narrow window within its therapeutic index to...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors01:20

Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
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Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
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The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

口服抗凝血剂的临界值

K E Brummel1, S G Paradis, R F Branda

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Given Building, Health Science Complex University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, USA.

Circulation
|November 7, 2001
PubMed
概括

华法林治疗显示出血凝时间和血凝-抗血凝III (TAT) 概况的显著变化,即使具有类似的国际规范化比率 (INR). 这表明抗凝血控制可能不如预期那么安全,个体反应会影响出血和凝血风险.

科学领域:

  • 血液学 血液学 血液学
  • 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
  • 临床医学 临床医学

背景情况:

  • 监测口服抗凝药对于预防出血和血栓形成至关重要.
  • 华法林治疗需要谨慎管理,以保持治疗疗效.
  • 个体患者对抗凝血剂的反应可能会有很大差异.

研究的目的:

  • 在华法林治疗的患者中研究全血凝固,其类似的国际规范化比率 (INR).
  • 评估凝血概况和血栓-抗血栓III (TAT) 生成的变异性.
  • 探索INR,凝血参数和XIII因子水平之间的关系.

主要方法:

  • 在8名接受华法林治疗的男性受试者 (W组) 和一名多次受试者 (A组) 中研究了组织因子诱导的全血凝结.
  • 测量了凝血时间,血-抗血III (TAT) 形成率和水平,血小板激活和纤维蛋白A代.
  • 评估了VIII因子水平,并将其与多年华法林治疗相关联.

主要成果:

  • 具有相似INR的受试者在凝血时间 (6.2-23分钟) 和TAT概况方面表现出很大的差异.
  • 正常对照组的凝血时间较短 (5.7±0.3分钟),TAT水平较高 (742±91nmol/L).
  • 与对照组 (149.4±37.4%) 相比,W组的VIII因子水平显著增加 (204±34.4%),与华法林治疗持续时间相关 (r=0.78,P=0.01).

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23:33

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Published on: February 28, 2012

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

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11:17

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood

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结论:

  • 将抗凝血控制到设定的INR治疗范围可能不如预期那么安全.
  • 在具有相似INRs的患者中,组织因子凝血反应存在显著的个体变异.
  • 这种变异性表明出血和血栓形成的风险不同,可能与潜在的血管异常和补偿机制有关,如增加的第八因子.