血红蛋白C可以预防临床Plasmodium falciparum疟疾
D Modiano1, G Luoni, B S Sirima
1Dipartimento di Scienze di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Parassitologia, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria Epidemiology and Control, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185, Rome, Italy. david.modiano@uniroma1.it
Nature
|November 20, 2001
概括
血红蛋白C (HbC) 特性显著降低了布基纳法索临床疟疾的风险. HbC同位素 (HbCC) 显示93%的减少,这表明HbC可能会取代西非的HbS.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疟疾学 疟疾学
背景情况:
- 血红蛋白C (HbC) 在西非疟疾地区普遍存在.
- 关于HbC对疟疾的保护作用是有争议的,对HbCC基因型的数据有限.
- 众所周知,血红蛋白S (HbS) 异合性可以预防严重的疟疾.
研究的目的:
- 调查HbC基因型 (HbAC和HbCC) 与临床疟疾风险之间的关联.
- 为了比较HbC所赋予的疟疾保护与HbS所赋予的疟疾保护.
- 评估在疟疾流行地区HbS被HbC的长期进化替代的可能性.
主要方法:
- 一项大型病例控制研究,涉及4,348名布基纳法索的莫西人.
- 分析与HbAC异性和HbCC同性相关的疟疾风险.
- 对不同血红蛋白基因型的临床疟疾发病率进行比较.
主要成果:
- HbC与对HbAC异构菌的临床疟疾风险降低29%有关 (P = 0.0008).
- HbC与临床疟疾风险降低93%的HbCC同位素相关 (P = 0.0011).
- 与HbSS和HbSC的基因型相比,HbAC和HbCC的基因型表现出不那么严重的病理.
结论:
- HbC特征对临床疟疾提供了显著的保护,特别是在同卵性动物中.
- 这些发现支持这样的假设,即HbC可能会在长期内取代西非中部的HbS,尤其是在没有疟疾控制的情况下.
- 在该地区,HbC代表了对疟疾的显著遗传适应.
相关概念视频
Protecting Self-Esteem
238
Self-esteem, a central component of psychological well-being, is actively maintained through various cognitive and behavioral strategies. Individuals employ specific mechanisms to preserve a positive self-concept and mitigate threats to their self-worth, particularly in contexts involving social evaluation or personal feedback. Four primary techniques are commonly used to sustain self-esteem.Manipulating AppraisalsOne prominent strategy involves manipulating appraisals from others. Individuals...
238
Protection of Alcohols
8.1K
This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
8.1K
Zones of Protection
818
In power systems, the entire setup is divided into protective zones to isolate faults and protect the rest of the network. These zones include generators, transformers, buses, transmission lines, distribution lines, and motors. Each zone can be visualized as a separate room in a house, with each room protected by its own circuit breaker.
Protective zones are defined by closed dashed lines, containing one or more components. A key characteristic of these zones is the strategic placement of...
Protective zones are defined by closed dashed lines, containing one or more components. A key characteristic of these zones is the strategic placement of...
818
Radial System Protection
448
Radial systems employ time-delay overcurrent relays to reduce load interruptions. When a fault occurs, the nearest breaker opens first, while upstream breakers remain closed due to longer delay settings. This approach ensures minimal disruption to the rest of the system.
In a radial system with a fault downstream of the third breaker, ideally, only the third breaker will open, isolating the fault and interrupting the load connected beyond it. The second breaker has a longer delay setting,...
In a radial system with a fault downstream of the third breaker, ideally, only the third breaker will open, isolating the fault and interrupting the load connected beyond it. The second breaker has a longer delay setting,...
448
Line Protection with Impedance Relays
464
Coordinating time-delay overcurrent relays in complex radial systems and directional overcurrent relays in multi-source transmission loops can be challenging. Impedance relays address these issues by responding to the voltage-to-current ratio, specifically measuring the apparent impedance of a line. These relays become more sensitive during faults as current increases and voltage decreases, thereby reducing the apparent impedance.
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...
464
Personal Protective Equipment
2.4K
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
2.4K


