Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base02:30

Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base

The reaction between a Brønsted-Lowry acid and water is called acid ionization. For example, when hydrogen fluoride dissolves in water and ionizes, protons are transferred from hydrogen fluoride molecules to water molecules, yielding hydronium ions and fluoride ions:
Determining the pH of Salt Solutions04:08

Determining the pH of Salt Solutions

The pH of a salt solution is determined by its component anions and cations. Salts that contain pH-neutral anions and the hydronium ion-producing cations form a solution with a pH less than 7. For example, in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution, NO3− ions do not react with water whereas NH4+ ions produce the hydronium ions resulting in the acidic solution. In contrast, salts that contain pH-neutral cations and the hydroxide ion-producing anions form a solution with a pH greater than 7. For...
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
Solubility03:00

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Long-Range Transverse-Momentum Correlations and Radial Flow in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

NOCI-F Electronic Couplings in Assemblies of Indolonaphthyridine Molecules: From Dimers to the Full Stack.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

Search for Quasiparticle Scattering in the Quark-Gluon Plasma with Jet Splittings in pp and Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

First Measurement of A=4 Hypernuclei and Antihypernuclei at the LHC.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Probing Strangeness Hadronization with Event-by-Event Production of Multistrange Hadrons.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Designing mimosine-containing peptides as efficient metal chelators: Insights from molecular dynamics and quantum calculations.

Journal of inorganic biochemistry·2024

相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Seawater Sampling and Collection
08:23

Seawater Sampling and Collection

Published on: June 17, 2009

溶剂对酸盐和硫酸盐水解反应坐标的影响:应用哈蒙德和反哈蒙德假设来理解溶液中的水解.

X Lopez1, A Dejaegere, M Karplus

  • 1Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, P.K.1072, 20080 Donostia, Spain.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 22, 2001
PubMed
概括

研究硫酸盐和酸盐的性水解揭示了溶剂如何影响反应途径. 计算方法显示了溶剂对硫酸乙烯和酸盐水解机制的影响.

科学领域:

  • 计算化学是一种计算化学.
  • 物理有机化学 有机化学
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 酸盐和硫酸盐的性水解是各种化学和生物过程中的关键反应.
  • 了解溶剂对这些反应的影响对于预测反应性和设计新的化学转换至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 调查溶剂对乙烯硫酸盐 (ES) 和乙烯酸盐 (EP) 和它们的非循环对应物,二甲基硫酸盐 (DMS) 和二甲基酸盐 (DMP) 的水解机制的影响.
  • 在不同的溶剂条件下,确定这些水解反应的关联/离散和直线/侧向特征.

主要方法:

  • 最初的量子力学计算被用来研究反应机制.
  • 介电连续的方法被用于模拟溶剂效应.
  • 哈特里-福克和密度函数理论被用来确定气相反应坐标.

主要成果:

  • 在溶液中的反应坐标被确定为乙烯硫酸盐 (ES).
  • 对于乙烯酸盐 (EP(-),二甲基硫酸盐 (DMS) 和二甲基酸盐 (DMP(-),只获得了溶液中的过渡状态.
  • 使用哈蒙德和反哈蒙德假设分析了溶剂诱导的反应路径的改变.

结论:

更多相关视频

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification
07:32

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

Published on: April 7, 2017

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence
06:27

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence

Published on: September 23, 2018

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Seawater Sampling and Collection
08:23

Seawater Sampling and Collection

Published on: June 17, 2009

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification
07:32

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

Published on: April 7, 2017

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence
06:27

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence

Published on: September 23, 2018

  • 溶剂效应显著影响硫酸盐和酸盐的水解机制.
  • 计算建模为溶解引起的反应路径微妙变化提供了宝贵的见解.
  • 该研究阐明了内在分子特性与周围溶剂环境之间的相互作用,以确定反应结果.