刑事威作为公共卫生战略
1Violence Research Group, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, CF14 4XY, Cardiff, UK. shepherdjp@cardiff.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|December 1, 2001
概括
刑事司法中的威策略,特别是有针对性的警务和更高的定罪确定性,显示出伤害预防的希望. 这些方法,以及早期教育,在减少伤害方面比长期监禁更有效.
科学领域:
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医学科学 医学科学 医学科学
背景情况:
- 威是刑事司法的一个关键概念,但其在医疗伤害预防中的应用仍在争论中.
- 通过刑事和健康风险了解犯罪者的动机对于预防至关重要.
- 现有研究探讨了犯罪立法和警察干预对健康的影响.
研究的目的:
- 评估威策略在预防袭击和伤害方面的有效性.
- 综合有关刑事司法干预措施的证据,以获得公共卫生结果.
- 确定预防伤害的最佳策略.
主要方法:
- 审查关于犯罪立法对健康影响的研究.
- 对宏观数据的分析和对警察干预的受控实验.
- 检查关于阻止酒精影响驾驶的证据.
主要成果:
- 有针对性的,可见的警务和更高的惩罚确定性是有效的威手段.
- 驾驶员可以被阻止驾驶酒精影响的驾驶.
- 长期监禁和一般警察的增加具有有限的威作用.
结论:
- 应该将有针对性的警务和更高的定罪率纳入伤害预防战略.
- 幼儿教育和家庭支持也是重要的组成部分.
- 证据支持一种多方面的方法,将刑事司法与预防伤害的社会计划结合起来.
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