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美国与学校有关的暴力死亡,1994-1999年
M Anderson1, J Kaufman, T R Simon
1Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K-60, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. mea6@cdc.gov
JAMA
|December 26, 2001
概括
与学校相关的暴力死亡,虽然很少见,但显示了模式. 多重受害者事件的谋杀率增加,犯罪者中发现了欺凌和自杀行为等危险因素.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 教育安全教育安全
背景情况:
- 公众对20世纪90年代后期学校枪击事件的担忧凸显了缺乏有关学校暴力死亡的数据.
- 了解这些事件的发生率和特征对于制定有效的预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析最近在美国学校发生的暴力死亡的趋势和特征.
- 在学校相关的暴力事件中,确定与犯罪和受害相关的潜在风险因素.
主要方法:
- 一项基于人口的监视研究分析了1994年至1999年媒体,政府机构和执法部门的数据.
- 案件包括杀人,自杀,法律干预,以及在校园内,通勤期间或在学校活动中无意的枪支死亡.
- 计算了国家风险估计,趋势,共同特征和风险因素.
主要成果:
- 在1994年至1999年期间,220起事件导致253人死亡;172起是杀人事件.
- 单个受害者的学生谋杀率下降,但多个受害者的事件谋杀率增加.
- 事件通常发生在学校开始/结束时间或午餐附近;在超过一半的事件中报告了先前的风险指标.
- 在杀人事件中,犯罪者更有可能表现出自杀行为或受到欺凌.
结论:
- 与学校相关的暴力死亡,虽然不常见,但存在明显的模式和风险因素.
- 这些数据可以为学校的安全协议和干预措施提供信息,以减轻暴力.
- 识别潜在罪犯中的欺凌和自杀念头等风险因素是预防的关键.
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