通过对儿童的常规疫苗接种来控制甲型肝炎
F Averhoff1, C N Shapiro, B P Bell
1National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
JAMA
|December 26, 2001
概括
常规的儿童甲型肝炎疫苗接种显著降低了加利福尼亚社区的疾病发病率. 该疫苗表现出高效,控制了流行病并降低了儿童和成年人的病例.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 在患病率高的社区中,常规儿童甲型肝炎疫苗接种的影响以前没有被评估.
- 经常出现的甲型肝炎流行病对公共卫生构成重大挑战.
研究的目的:
- 评估儿童常规甲型肝炎疫苗接种在减少社区中疾病发病率的有效性,该社区正在经历反复的流行病.
主要方法:
- 从1995年到2000年,一个基于社区的示范项目在加利福尼亚州巴特县进行.
- 通过学校诊所,医疗保健提供者和公共卫生诊所为2至17岁的儿童提供甲型肝炎疫苗接种.
- 关键的结果措施包括疫苗接种范围,甲型肝炎发病率和疫苗的有效性.
主要成果:
- 超过66%的符合条件的儿童至少接种了一剂疫苗,近40%接种了两剂疫苗.
- 在研究期间,该县人口中的A型肝炎病例减少了93.5%.
- 疫苗的有效性估计为98%,只有一个接种疫苗的病例发生在接种疫苗后.
结论:
- 儿童接种甲型肝炎疫苗在预防接种者感染疾病方面非常有效.
- 儿童疫苗接种成功降低了儿童和成人甲型肝炎的发病率.
- 常规疫苗接种控制了社区中易发生复发性流行病的甲型肝炎.
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