精神疾病患者因杀人,自杀和其他非自然原因死亡:基于人口的研究
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U Hiroeh1, L Appleby, P B Mortensen
1School of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, M20 8LR, Manchester, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 11, 2002
概括
患有精神疾病的个人面临更高的谋杀,自杀和意外死亡风险. 这项研究强调了这一群体对各种非自然死亡原因的脆弱性增加.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 精神疾病显著增加了自杀风险,但关于其他非自然死亡的数据,特别是杀人受害者的数据有限.
- 公众的看法往往侧重于精神障碍的个体作为暴力的事者,而不是作为潜在的受害者.
- 这项研究解决了理解精神疾病患者中杀人,自杀和意外死亡风险的差距.
研究的目的:
- 为了计算标准化死亡率 (SMRs) 和因谋杀,自杀和意外死亡的比率比率,在因精神疾病住院的个人中.
- 调查不同精神病诊断中非自然死亡的具体风险.
- 为减少精神病患者死亡率的公共卫生战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 一项基于人口的研究,利用来自丹麦精神病病例登记册和丹麦国家死亡原因登记册的相关数据.
- 包括1973年至1993年期间接受精神病治疗的72,208名个人.
- 分析截至1993年12月31日的死亡率数据,重点关注非自然死亡原因.
主要成果:
- 在患有精神疾病的人群中,很大一部分 (25%) 的死亡是由于非自然原因造成的.
- 在大多数精神病诊断中,男性和女性均观察到杀人,自杀和意外的SMR升高.
- 精神分裂症和情感精神病等特定诊断与谋杀风险增加有关,而酒精和药物使用显示出谋杀和意外的最高风险,以及药物用于自杀的风险.
结论:
- 患有精神障碍,包括严重精神疾病的个人,因谋杀而死亡的风险大大增加.
- 虽然预防自杀至关重要,但减少死亡率的策略也必须解决其他非自然死亡原因.
- 调查结果强调,需要为患有精神疾病的个人采取全面的安全和支持措施,以减轻因杀人,自杀和事故造成的风险.
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