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南极气候冷却和陆地生态系统反应

Peter T Doran¹, John C Priscu, W Berry Lyons

¹Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA. pdoran@uic.edu

|January 17, 2002

概括

南极地表温度显示出令人惊的净降温趋势,与全球变暖预测相矛盾. 这种冷却显著影响陆地生态系统,降低了湖泊的生产力和土壤无脊椎动物种群.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
气候科学气候科学
生态生态学生态生态学

背景情况:

全球平均地表温度上升,极地地区预计将显著变暖.
在南极半岛观察到的变暖与潜在的大陆冷却趋势形成鲜明对比.
之前的报道显示,近期大陆稍有变暖,需要进一步调查.

研究的目的:

分析南极洲的空间气象数据,以确定大陆温度趋势.
调查观察到的冷却对南极陆地生态系统的影响,特别是麦克默多干谷.
评估南极冷却对气候和生态系统变化模型的影响.

主要方法:

对1966年至2000年南极气象数据的空间分析.
从1986年到2000年,检查麦克默多干谷的温度趋势.
评估初级湖泊生产力和土壤无脊椎动物种群对冷却的反应.

主要成果:

在1966年至2000年间,在南极大陆观察到净冷却趋势,特别是在夏季和秋季.
麦克默多干谷经历了从1986年到2000年的每十年0.7摄氏度的冷却速度.
陆地生态系统表现出迅速的反应,包括湖泊初级生产率下降 (每年6-9%) 和土壤无脊椎动物数量下降 (每年>10%).

结论:

大陆南极的冷却,特别是其季节性模式,挑战了现有的气候模型.
观察到的生态系统反应凸显了南极生物对温度变化的敏感性.
这些发现强调了需要完善气候和生态系统变化模型,以考虑南极洲地区的冷却趋势.

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