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相关概念视频

Group Design02:01

Group Design

The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between the two are due to...
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
Random Sampling Method01:09

Random Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest. Among the various sampling methods used by...
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Blinding01:11

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
Censoring Survival Data01:09

Censoring Survival Data

Survival analysis is a statistical method used to analyze time-to-event data, often employed in fields such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences. One of the key challenges in survival analysis is dealing with incomplete data, a phenomenon known as "censoring." Censoring occurs when the event of interest (such as death, relapse, or system failure) has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period or is otherwise unobservable, and it might have many different reasons...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
08:08

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

随机试验中的分配隐藏:防范破译.

Kenneth F Schulz1, David A Grimes

  • 1Family Health International, PO Box 13950, 27709, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. KSchulz@fhi.org

Lancet (London, England)
|February 28, 2002
PubMed
概括

适当的分配隐藏对于公正的随机对照试验至关重要. 没有它,试验结果可能会扭曲,强调需要聪明的试验设计来防止操纵.

科学领域:

  • 临床试验方法论 临床试验方法论
  • 生物统计学 生物统计学
  • 研究诚信研究诚信

背景情况:

  • 随机对照试验 (RCT) 是基于证据的医学的基础.
  • 适当的分配隐藏对于保持RCT的完整性至关重要.
  • 随机分配序列的颠覆可能发生,如果隐藏是不充分的.

研究的目的:

  • 突出在RCT中强有力的分配隐藏的重要性.
  • 讨论分配隐藏不足所带来的挑战和影响.
  • 强调需要聪明的试验设计,以防止偏见.

主要方法:

  • 摘要讨论了临床试验设计中分配隐藏的原则.
  • 它检查了随机分配序列的颠覆潜力.
  • 它回顾了不充分隐对治疗效果估计的影响.

主要成果:

  • 不充分的分配隐导致对治疗效果的偏见估计,通常是夸大.
  • 对分配的改破坏了试验结果的有效性和可靠性.
  • 需要聪明的设计策略来防止调查人员破译分配序列.

结论:

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Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
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The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

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Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

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  • 有效的分配隐蔽对于免疫试验对选择和混偏见至关重要.
  • 试验设计人员必须保持警,并采用复杂的方法来确保隐藏.
  • 报告基线比较很重要,但不建议对这些进行假设测试.