世界卫生组织对结核病控制政策的发展,1948-2001年
1Tuberculosis Strategy and Operations, StopTB, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. raviglionem@who.it
Lancet (London, England)
|March 13, 2002
概括
世界卫生组织 世界卫生组织
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 全球卫生政策 全球卫生政策
- 传染病管理 传染病管理
背景情况:
- 1948-2001年世界卫生组织 (WHO) 结核病控制政策的历史分析.
- 最初的垂直控制策略在资源贫困的环境中被证明是无效的,需要整合一般卫生服务.
- 直接观察治疗,短期 (DOTS) 策略在1989-1998年成为公共卫生优先事项.
研究的目的:
- 分析世卫组织结核病控制政策的演变.
- 提出一个新的框架,以加快结核病控制的扩大.
- 确定未来有效管理结核病的关键要素.
主要方法:
- 世界卫生组织对结核病控制管理政策的历史审查.
- 政策分析从垂直方法转向综合和多部门战略.
- 评估DOTS战略的扩展和有效性.
主要成果:
- 纵向结核病控制在发达国家取得了成功,但在资源有限的地区失败了.
- 采用DOTS战略的情况有所增加,但完全访问仍然有限 (1999年23%的案件).
- 涉及社区和私人从业者的多部门方法正变得至关重要.
结论:
- 未来的结核病控制需要一个务实的,综合的管理系统,结合多部门合作.
- 解决与艾滋病毒相关的多药耐药结核病是优先事项.
- 为了成功扩大结核病控制,全球和国家伙伴关系至关重要.
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