相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 15, 2026
09:36
Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats
Published on: October 16, 2010
乳房扫描查的长期影响:瑞典随机试验的最新概述
Lennarth Nyström1, Ingvar Andersson, Nils Bjurstam
1Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Stockholm, Sweden. Lennarth.Nystrom@epiph.umu.se
Lancet (London, England)
|March 29, 2002
概括
查性乳房造影显著降低了21%的乳腺癌死亡率,长期随访的好处持续. 这些发现与最近对瑞典试验的批评相抵触.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 辩论围绕着查乳房扫描的有效性.
- 这项研究更新了瑞典随机对照试验 (RCT) 关于乳房影像查的概述,直到1996年.
- 包括马尔默乳房扫描查试验 (MMST II) 的数据和以前未发表的试验数据.
研究的目的:
- 评估乳腺癌查对乳腺癌死亡率的长期影响.
- 分析瑞典RCT中查对特定年龄的影响.
- 为了解决关于瑞典乳房学查试验有效性的批评.
主要方法:
- 分析了247010名妇女的数据 (129750名受邀者,117260名对照者).
- 通过记录链接跟踪到瑞典癌症和死亡原因登记册.
- 使用Mantle-Haenszel程序计算乳腺癌死亡和整体死亡率的加权相对风险 (RR).
主要成果:
- 在受邀组中,乳腺癌死亡率显著减少21% (RR=0.79).
- 最大的减少 (33%) 发生在60-69岁的女性中.
- 益处出现大约4年,并长期维持;总死亡率没有显著降低 (RR=0.98).
结论:
- 乳腺查对乳腺癌死亡率的积极影响在长期随访中得到证实.
- 对瑞典RCT的批评被认为是误导性的,科学上是毫无根据的.
- 乳腺癌查仍然是减少乳腺癌死亡的重要工具.
相关概念视频
02:20Longitudinal Research
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
01:52Regression Toward the Mean
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when researchers try to extrapolate results...