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相关概念视频

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
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Author Spotlight: AQRNA-seq Role in Mapping Small RNAs and Unraveling Protein Translation Mechanisms
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古老的路径是由小RNAs编程的.

Phillip D Zamore1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Lazare Research Building, Room 825, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. phillip.zamore@umassmed.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 23, 2002
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

RNA干扰 (RNAi) 使用双链RNA来抑制基因表达,使功能基因分析成为可能. 细胞很可能使用这种机制来消除有缺陷的信使RNA,并防御病毒和转子子.

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 双链RNA (dsRNA) 是一种在真核生物中抑制基因表达的工具,称为RNA干扰 (RNAi).
  • 在dsrna介导的基因沉默的精确机制和细胞目的仍在调查中.
  • 假设RNA沉默现象是细胞防御系统的一部分.

研究的目的:

  • 探索通过双链RNA抑制基因表达的细胞机制.
  • 了解涉及RNA干扰的细胞机械的生物学意义.
  • 研究RNA沉默在细胞防御和质量控制中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 对RNA干扰途径的现有证据和拟议模型的审查.
  • 对参与dsrna识别和处理的分子相互作用的分析.
  • 在不同真核生物系统中对RNA沉默的比较分析.

主要成果:

  • RNA干扰利用dsRNA来准和降解特定的信使RNA,从而沉默基因表达.
  • 细胞机械用于RNA沉默似乎是一个古老的防御系统.
  • 有证据表明,它在消除异常RNA和打击移动遗传元素方面发挥着作用.

结论:

  • RNA干扰是一种保存的生物过程,对基因功能研究有重大影响.
  • 细胞RNA沉默机制对于保持基因组完整性和防御病原体至关重要.
  • 需要进一步的研究,以充分阐明dRNA介导的基因调节的复杂性.