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灵长类大脑中的一种通路,用于内部监控运动
Marc A Sommer1, Robert H Wurtz
1Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. mas@lsr.nei.nih.gov
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 25, 2002
概括
科学家们确定了一条大脑通路,该通路携带眼睛运动的尾随性放电信号. 关闭这个通路会破坏眼睛的连续运动,这证实了它在运动控制中的作用.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 灵长类大脑研究研究
- 运动控制机制 运动控制机制
背景情况:
- 了解大脑如何跟踪自我生成的运动对于运动控制至关重要.
- 预测运动后果的神经信号 - - 尾随性放电,被假设起着关键的作用.
- 以前已经确定了一个特定的脑干到额叶皮层的途径,但它的功能仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查确定的大脑干-额叶皮层通路是否携带相关放电信号.
- 确定这种途径在编码即将到来的运动,特别是眼睛运动中的作用.
- 评估关闭该通路对运动控制的影响.
主要方法:
- 在灵长类 Macaca mulatta 中进行电生理学记录,以监测神经元活动.
- 针对性地禁用脑干-额叶皮层通路.
- 在途径失活之前和之后,对单个和连续的眼动进行行为测试.
主要成果:
- 发现该途径内的神经元活动编码有关即将发生的眼动的信息.
- 该途径的失活导致了对执行顺序眼动的损伤.
- 单眼运动没有受到途径失活的影响.
结论:
- 这项研究确定了灵长类大脑中特定的神经通路,负责传递附带放电信号.
- 这条通路对于精确执行连续的眼动是必不可少的.
- 这些发现为运动控制中自我监控的神经基础提供了关键的见解.
相关概念视频
01:27Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.
01:19Brainstem
The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
01:10Spinal Cord: Information Processing
The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
01:28Major Somatic Sensory Pathways
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
01:11Direct Motor Pathways
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and the...
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and the...
01:22Indirect Motor Pathways
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...