相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 8, 2026

07:07
Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
Published on: June 5, 2016
在编辑决策中的出版偏见
Carin M Olson1, Drummond Rennie, Deborah Cook
1JAMA, Chicago, IL, USA. colson@u.washington.edu
JAMA
|June 1, 2002
概括
这项研究发现,提交的手稿报告的积极结果与负面结果的出版率没有显著差异. 在提交稿件后,出版偏见可能并不像以前想象的那样普遍.
科学领域:
- 医学研究的完整性 医学研究的完整性
- 学术出版学术出版活动
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
背景情况:
- 发表偏见,即积极结果比负面结果更受青,是科学文献中众所周知的问题.
- 作者可能不太倾向于提交负面发现的手稿,这有助于这种偏见.
- 这项研究调查了手稿提交给期刊后是否存在出版偏见.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定提交的手稿是否报告受控试验的积极结果,与报告负面结果的手稿相比,其出版可能性更高.
- 在提交的手稿的背景下评估出版偏见.
主要方法:
- 一项前性队列研究分析了1996年2月至1999年8月期间提交给JAMA的745份手稿.
- 手稿根据报告的结果进行分类:积极 (P<0.05为主要结果),消极或不清楚.
- 评估了研究特征和质量指标,以调整潜在的混因素.
主要成果:
- 在提交的745份手稿中,有133份 (17.9%) 发表.
- 积极结果的公布率为20.4%,负面结果为15.0%,不清楚结果为19.0%.
- 在对研究特征和质量进行调整后,公布积极结果与负面结果的几率比率为1.30 (95% CI,0.87-1.96),这在统计学上并不显著.
结论:
- 该研究没有发现统计学上显著的证据表明提交的手稿中存在出版偏见.
- 报告积极结果的提交稿件的出版率并不比报告负面结果的稿件高得多.
- 这表明,一旦手稿进入期刊提交过程,出版偏见可能不是一个重要的因素.
相关概念视频
Types of Selection
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Reason and Intuition
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Groupthink
When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...
Decision Making: P-value Method
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Decision Making: Traditional Method
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Bias
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...

