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维生素用于预防成人慢性疾病:科学综述
Kathleen M Fairfield1, Robert H Fletcher
1Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. kfairfie@caregroup.harvard.edu
JAMA
|June 19, 2002
概括
维生素摄入不足与心脏病和癌症等慢性疾病有关,某些群体的风险更高. 补充剂可以导致维生素过量,特别是脂肪溶性维生素.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 预防医学 预防医学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 维生素摄入不足,虽然在发达国家并不常见,但与慢性疾病有关.
- 了解维生素的作用对于公共卫生和疾病预防至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查临床意义上的维生素.
- 详细说明它们的生物效应,食物来源,缺乏症综合征,毒性和慢性疾病的联系.
主要方法:
- 在MEDLINE上搜索有关维生素和慢性疾病的英语文章 (1966-2002).
- 强调随机试验,以获得临床重要信息.
主要成果:
- 老年人,素食者,酒精依赖者和吸收不良患者有维生素缺乏症的风险.
- 怀孕期间过量的维生素A和脂溶性维生素可能是有毒的.
- 叶酸,B6,B12影响同型半素和心脏病风险.
- 维生素E,甘可能会降低前列腺癌的风险.
- 维生素D与一起降低骨折风险.
结论:
- 某些患者群体面临更高的维生素缺乏风险.
- 医生可能需要更多关于维生素来源和建议的教育.
- 维生素过量是补充剂的风险,特别是脂溶性维生素.
- 不太理想的维生素摄入量与冠状动脉心脏病,癌症和骨质疏松症有关.
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