消费者与资源控制对物种多样性和生态系统运作的控制
Boris Worm1, Heike K Lotze, Helmut Hillebrand
1Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J1, Canada. bworm@is.dal.ca
Nature
|June 21, 2002
概括
物种多样性是由营养和消费者等相互作用因素控制的,而不仅仅是单独的生产力. 这些相互作用随着环境条件的变化而变化,影响生态系统功能.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 生态系统动力学 生态系统动力学
背景情况:
- 生态研究传统上侧重于资源供应 (生产力) 或消费者/干扰作为物种多样性的主要驱动因素.
- 之前的研究经常显示,这些因素和多样性之间存在单独研究时的单模关系.
- 多变量模型预测了生产力,消费者和影响社区多样性的干扰之间的复杂相互作用.
研究的目的:
- 测试多变量模型关于营养供应和消费者压力对物种多样性的相互作用影响的预测.
- 研究这些相互作用如何在不同的生产率水平的海洋食物网中变化.
- 确定观察到的模式是否延伸到生态系统功能,如碳储存和保留.
主要方法:
- 营养资源和消费者压力的现场操纵是在岩石海岸进行的,生产力相反.
- 使用已发表实验的因数元分析来证实各种水生社区的发现.
- 进行了物种多样性和生态系统功能 (碳储存,保留) 的测量.
主要成果:
- 消费者和营养素对物种多样性的影响始终是相互依存的.
- 这些影响的方向和峰值多样性的点在低生产率和高生产率的地点之间发生了变化.
- 这些交互模式通过元分析在各种水生生态系统中得到证实.
结论:
- 物种多样性和生态系统功能由营养供应和食物网结构的相互作用共同调节.
- 人类对营养水平和食物网的影响对生物多样性和生态系统服务具有重大,相互关联的后果.
- 有效的管理策略必须同时解决营养供应和食物网络动态.
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