非洲的艾滋病毒-1/艾滋病和母婴健康
François Dabis1, Ehounou René Ekpini
1INSERM U.330, ISPED, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France. francois.dabis@isped.u-bordeaux.fr
Lancet (London, England)
|June 28, 2002
概括
在非洲,预防母婴艾滋病毒传播至关重要. 包括抗逆转录病毒疗法和教育在内的综合护理可以显著降低传播率和儿童死亡率.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
背景情况:
- 撒哈拉以南的非洲面临着儿童类型1型人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV-1) 感染的高负担,大约有1900名儿童每天从母亲那里获得病毒.
- 艾滋病毒-1母婴传播 (MTCT) 的风险在25-45%之间,导致显著的儿童死亡率,35-59%的感染儿童在两岁时死亡.
研究的目的:
- 强调迫切需要在非洲扩大母婴传播 (PMTCT) 预防计划的规模.
- 强调对艾滋病毒-1感染的孕妇及其家属的全面持续护理的重要性.
主要方法:
- 审查目前减少HIV-1MTCT的战略,包括预防性传播,HIV-1检测,计划生育教育和基于抗逆转录病毒的预防.
- 评估非洲国家现有的PMTCT计划的可访问性和影响力.
- 讨论关怀的基本组成部分,如抗逆转录病毒疗法,co-trimoxazole预防,以及社区为孤儿提供支持.
主要成果:
- 目前在13个非洲国家开展的PMTCT项目,不到3%的符合条件的HIV-1感染女性.
- 艾滋病毒-1 感染儿童的传染性并发症可以通过配合三沙的预防预防预防.
- 有效的抗逆转录病毒疗法可用于HIV-1感染的孕妇.
结论:
- 预防母婴HIV-1传播必须成为非洲的普遍护理标准.
- 迅速扩大综合护理,包括抗逆转录病毒治疗和社区支持,对于减少MTCT和儿童死亡率至关重要.
- 需要继续进行研究,以进一步降低HIV-1传播风险至5%以下.
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