相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 13, 2026
10:49
Estimating Virus Production Rates in Aquatic Systems
Published on: September 22, 2010
在进化时间尺度上,维持渔业的产量
David O Conover1, Stephan B Munch
1Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA. dconover@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 6, 2002
概括
渔业管理必须考虑到演变. 捕捞鱼群可以意外地改变它们的生长速度,影响长期可持续产量,并要求保护遗传多样性.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 渔业 科学 渔业 科学
背景情况:
- 渔业管理计划往往忽视了对鱼类种群的进化影响.
- 捕捞可以施加选择性压力,推动鱼类特征的快速进化变化.
研究的目的:
- 研究鱼群对不同大小选择性捕捞策略的进化反应.
- 确定捕捞如何影响捕捞鱼的生长率和整体产量.
主要方法:
- 大西洋银面鱼 (Menidia menidia) 的实验种群在四代人中经历了大,小或随机大小选择性的收获.
- 收集的生物质和生长速度的进化转变被监测并与对照种群进行比较.
主要成果:
- 捕捞的鱼种群迅速进化,经常与渔业的选择性压力相对抗.
- 大规模收获最初增加了产量,但导致了较低产量的快速演变;小规模收获显示了相反的趋势.
- 观察到的产量变化归因于对具有改变生长速度的基因型的选择.
结论:
- 可持续的渔业管理需要纳入进化动态.
- 保持遗传多样性对于确保捕捞鱼类长期生产力和弹性至关重要.
- 如果不考虑进化潜力,目前的管理工具可能是不够的.
相关概念视频
01:06Primary Production
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01:01Production Efficiency
Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
00:57Population Growth
Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.However, realistic environmental conditions limit the number of...
01:07Speciation Rates
Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.
01:43Sustainable Development
As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
01:27Growth Models with Integration: Problem Solving
In population modeling, integration provides a systematic way to determine accumulated quantities from known rates of change. One such application arises in ecology, where the total weight of a fish population in a body of water is referred to as its biomass. When the rate of growth of this biomass is known as a function of time, calculus can be used to determine the total biomass at a future date.Growth Rate and Biomass FunctionLet the growth rate of the fish population be represented by a...