在儿童生存率和艾滋病毒/艾滋病方面实现国际目标
Neff Walker1, Bernhard Schwartländer, Jennifer Bryce
1Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. walkern@unaids.org
Lancet (London, England)
|July 31, 2002
概括
人类免疫缺陷病毒和获得免疫缺陷综合征 (HIV/AIDS) 在1990年至1999年期间在撒哈拉以南非洲显著增加了5岁以下的死亡率. 虽然艾滋病毒/艾滋病是一个日益关注的问题,但其他杀害儿童的疾病也需要注意,以实现全球减少死亡率的目标.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
背景情况:
- 在过去的十年中,减少5岁以下死亡率的努力取得了混合的结果.
- 人类免疫缺陷病毒和获得免疫缺陷综合征 (艾滋病毒/艾滋病) 流行病经常被认为是进展停滞的原因.
- 这项研究调查了艾滋病毒/艾滋病对撒哈拉以南非洲5岁以下死亡率趋势的影响.
研究的目的:
- 估计39个撒哈拉以南非洲国家的5岁以下艾滋病死亡率.
- 为了比较1990年至1999年间的艾滋病毒导致的死亡率与5岁以下的总死亡率.
- 评估艾滋病毒/艾滋病在扭转儿童死亡率趋势中的作用.
主要方法:
- 利用使用产前诊所HIV血清流行数据的四步估计过程.
- 估计了感染艾滋病毒的母亲生下的孩子的数量.
- 计算的母婴传播率和随后的5岁以下的死亡率,调整以考虑竞争性原因.
主要成果:
- 据估计,1999年在撒哈拉以南非洲,有33万名5岁以下的儿童死于艾滋病毒感染.
- 1999年,艾滋病毒感染占5岁以下死亡的7.7%,高于1990年的2%.
- 五个国家超过了每1000人中30个因艾滋病毒而导致的5岁以下死亡人数,另有16个在每1000人中10-25人之间.
结论:
- 艾滋病毒/艾滋病是非洲5岁以下死亡率的重要和不断增长的因素.
- 仅仅是艾滋病毒/艾滋病并不能解释许多非洲国家的儿童死亡率趋势的停滞或逆转.
- 加强卫生系统,除艾滋病毒/艾滋病外,还应对其他主要的儿童疾病,这对于实现国际降低死亡率的目标至关重要.
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