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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function. They...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

银杏用于增强记忆:一个随机对照试验.

Paul R Solomon1, Felicity Adams, Amanda Silver

  • 1Bronfman Science Center, Williams College, 33 Hoxsey St, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA. psolomon@williams.edu

JAMA
|August 21, 2002
PubMed
概括

这项研究发现,金刚果补充剂在健康的老年人中没有改善记忆或认知功能. 在这项为期6周的试验中,金科比洛巴对记忆,注意力或集中度没有提供可衡量的益处.

科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 老年学是指老年学的学科.
  • 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.

背景情况:

  • 许多非处方药品声称可以在几周内增强记忆和注意力等认知功能.
  • 支持这些说法的科学证据往往缺乏,只有少数经过良好控制的临床研究.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究金科比洛巴在改善老年人的记忆力方面的疗效.
  • 通过客观的神经心理测试和主观评分来评估认知增强.

主要方法:

  • 一项为期6周的随机,双盲,安慰剂对照试验,涉及219名60岁以上的健康成年人.
  • 参与者接受了银杏 (40毫克每天三次) 或安慰剂.
  • 用标准化的神经心理测试和自我/护理人员报告来评估认知功能.

主要成果:

  • 在所有测量的认知结果中,在银杏和安慰剂组之间没有发现显著差异.
  • 无论是治疗意图还是完全可评估的人群,都没有提高记忆力,注意力或口语流性.
  • 主观记忆评分和对变化的总体印象也没有在各组之间有所不同.

结论:

  • 银杏花,当按照指示服用时,在认知健康的老年人中,没有显示出对记忆或相关认知功能的任何可测量的益处.

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

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Published on: September 20, 2020

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Published on: September 18, 2021

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  • 这项研究表明,金刚果对于提高这一群体的认知表现并不有效.
  • 这些发现挑战了金刚果补充剂用于认知改善的营销主张.