全国对9月11日事件的心理反应进行了纵向研究
Roxane Cohen Silver1, E Alison Holman, Daniel N McIntosh
1Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, 3340 Social Ecology II, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-7085, USA. rsilver@uci.edu
JAMA
|September 7, 2002
概括
9月11日袭击对美国成年人产生了影响,17%的人在2个月后经历了创伤后压力症状. 早期脱离应对策略,而不仅仅是直接接触,预测到创伤后6个月的心理困难.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 2001年9月11日的袭击为研究全国范围内对大规模创伤的调整提供了独特的机会.
- 了解对国家创伤事件的长期心理反应对于公共心理健康至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查人口因素,健康史,先前的压力因素和应对策略,以预测9月11日袭击后的心理结果.
- 纵向评估9月11日恐怖袭击对美国人口心理健康的影响.
主要方法:
- 一个由3496名成年人组成的全国概率样本在事件发生后大约2周,2个月和6个月完成了基于网络的调查.
- 纵向数据收集跟踪了急性压力,创伤后压力和全球痛苦的症状.
主要成果:
- 袭击发生两个月后,17%的美国人口 (纽约以外) 报告了创伤后压力症状,在6个月后降至5.8%.
- 预测更高创伤后压力的因素包括女性性别,婚姻分离,先前存在的抑郁/焦虑,更大的暴露严重程度和早期脱离应对 (例如,放弃,否认).
- 全球痛苦与损失严重程度和早期应对策略有关,否认和放弃增加了痛苦,而积极应对则减少了痛苦.
结论:
- 国家创伤的心理影响超出了直接暴露的范围,应对策略在长期结果中发挥着重要作用.
- 在严重创伤后不久脱离应对努力是潜在心理困难的关键指标,持续长达六个月.
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