饮食对癌症风险的影响
Timothy J Key1, Naomi E Allen, Elizabeth A Spencer
1Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Gibson Building, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK. Tim.Key@cancer.org.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|September 24, 2002
概括
饮食显著影响癌症风险,肥胖和酒精增加了它. 吃水果,蔬菜和保持健康体重可能会降低癌症发病率,特别是胃肠道癌症.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 据估计,饮食因素在发达国家约占癌症病例的30%.
- 肥胖是众所周知的几种癌症的风险因素,包括食道癌,结肠直肠癌,乳腺癌,子宫内膜癌和癌.
- 酒精消费与口腔,喉,喉,食道和肝癌有关,乳腺癌风险略有增加.
研究的目的:
- 总结当前对影响癌症风险的饮食相关因素的理解.
- 突出肥胖,酒精,水果和蔬菜在癌症发展中的作用.
- 为癌症预防提供基于证据的饮食建议.
主要方法:
- 审查现有的流行病学研究和关于饮食和癌症的科学文献.
- 分析特定的饮食成分与癌症类型之间的已确定的联系.
- 综合发现,制定公共卫生建议.
主要成果:
- 肥胖会增加患多种癌症的风险.
- 饮酒是各种癌症的重要危险因素.
- 足够的水果和蔬菜摄入量可能会降低几种癌症的风险,特别是胃肠癌.
结论:
- 建议多种多样的饮食丰富的水果,蔬菜和谷物用于预防癌症.
- 通过饮食和体育活动保持健康的体重至关重要.
- 建议限制饮酒,以减少癌症风险.
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