死亡率与荷兰交通相关空气污染指标之间的关联:一个队列研究
Gerard Hoek1, Bert Brunekreef, Sandra Goldbohm
1Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental and Occupational Health group, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands. g.hoek@iras.uu.nl
Lancet (London, England)
|October 29, 2002
概括
长期暴露于与交通有关的空气污染物,如黑烟和二氧化,可能会增加死亡风险,特别是死于心肺原因. 这项研究强调了靠近主要道路的空气质量对健康的影响.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 长期暴露于颗粒物空气污染与美国心肺死亡率的增加有关.
- 关于饮食和癌症的荷兰队列研究 (NLCS) 为调查环境健康影响提供了有价值的数据集.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估与交通有关的空气污染和死亡率之间的关联,在荷兰进行了队列研究.
- 研究特定空气污染物 (黑烟,二氧化) 与因特定原因死亡率之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自NLCS研究 (1986-1994) 的5000名参与者 (55-69岁) 的随机样本.
- 根据1986年家庭地址估计了与交通有关的空气污染物的暴露,考虑到背景度和靠近主要道路的距离.
- 考克斯的比例危险模型被用来评估空气污染暴露与死亡率之间的关联,并对混因素进行调整.
主要成果:
- 心肺死亡率与居住在主要道路附近的情况有显著关联 (RR 1.95).
- 还观察到与估计的环境背景度存在关联,尽管不那么一致 (RR 1.34).
- 居住在主要道路附近与1.41的死亡总体相对风险有关,但与非心肺癌和非肺癌死亡无关.
结论:
- 长期暴露于与交通有关的空气污染可能是减少预期寿命的重要因素.
- 这些发现强调了空气质量对公共卫生的影响,特别是在城市环境和公路附近.
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