Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

19.1K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
19.1K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.8K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.8K
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

5.9K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
5.9K
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

108
A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
108
Phase Diagram01:24

Phase Diagram

229
A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...
229
Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

132
The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
132

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

How the Unconventional Oxidation State Au<sup>2+</sup> Is Stabilized in the Halide Perovskite Cs<sub>4</sub>Au<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>12</sub>: A First-Principles Study of Its Polaron Crystal Nature.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Relaxor behavior in rocksalt cation-ordered material induced by (anti)ferroelectric phase competition.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Colossal Photovoltaic Current in Ferroelectric Oxide by Constructing Defect Band.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Ferroelectric Fractals: Switching Mechanism of Wurtzite AlN.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Bridging experiment and theory of relaxor ferroelectrics with multislice electron ptychography.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Strong intrinsic multiferroism and magnetoelectric coupling in (1-<i>x</i>)BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-(<i>x</i>)BaTiO<sub>3</sub> films.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Daily briefing: How cooperation built the world.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Deep-sea oddities and boatloads of other new species - June's best science images.

Nature·2026
Same journal

From cloning to gene-editing: the enduring legacy of Dolly the sheep.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Time to give hydration breaks the red card? What science says about keeping cool.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Universities are relying on AI-detection software to catch cheating. How well do the programs work?

Nature·2026
Same journal

Daily briefing: 'Cyborg' cockroaches breathe underwater with printed suit.

Nature·2026
查看所有相关文章

相关实验视频

Updated: May 2, 2026

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
12:37

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

12.1K

一种无序固体溶液的局部结构和相变之间的关系.

Ilya Grinberg1, Valentino R Cooper, Andrew M Rappe

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA.

Nature
|November 1, 2002
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

(Zr) 和 (Ti) 离子在酸 (PZT) 中的局部排列预测了其结构扭曲. 这一发现有助于模拟PZT相位过渡,并理解其复杂的相位图.

更多相关视频

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

6.4K
Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

8.2K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
12:37

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

12.1K
Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

6.4K
Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

8.2K

科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 固态物理 固态物理
  • 计算材料科学科学 计算材料科学

背景情况:

  • 酸酸 (PZT) 是一种无序的固体溶液,具有出色的电机性能,对于压电应用至关重要.
  • 在环境压力下,PZT表现出六个不同的结构阶段,每个阶段都有独特的晶格参数和电极化.
  • 了解PZT复杂相图和局部结构的微观起源具有重大科学意义.

研究的目的:

  • 研究PZT中的结构扭曲和相变的微观起源.
  • 建立基于离子排列的PZT局部结构的预测模型.
  • 为了阐明Zr/Ti组成和PZT阶段行为之间的关系.

主要方法:

  • 密度函数理论 (DFT) 的计算被用来分析离子排列和预测结构扭曲.
  • 来自DFT的化学规则被用于开发模拟PZT结构的现象学模型.
  • 该模型被用来探索Zr/Ti组成对局部Pb原子环境和相位过渡的影响.

主要成果:

  • Zr和Ti离子的局部排列准确地预测了PZT与其母矿结构的扭曲.
  • 一个基于DFT衍生化学规则的现象学模型成功模拟了PZT结构.
  • 证明Zr/Ti组成的变化通过改变各种局部Pb原子环境的种群来诱导相位过渡.

结论:

  • 局部阴离子排列是PZT结构阶段和特性的一个关键决定因素.
  • 开发的现象学模型为模拟和理解PZT行为提供了有价值的工具.
  • 这项工作提供了对PZT复杂相图的基本见解,这与优化压电应用相关.