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Updated: May 3, 2026

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Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
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在老年人中嗅觉障碍的流行率
Claire Murphy1, Carla R Schubert, Karen J Cruickshanks
1San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, Joint Doctoral Program, 6363 Alvarado Ct, Suite 101, San Diego, CA 92120, USA. cmurphy@sciences.sdsu.edu
JAMA
|November 13, 2002
概括
嗅觉障碍在老年人中很常见,影响超过24%的人,随着年龄的增长而增加. 自我报告的嗅觉丧失是不可靠的,这凸显了老年护理中临床意识的必要性.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 感官科学 感官科学
背景情况:
- 老年人是美国人口增长最快的群体.
- 在这个人群中,视力和听力障碍得到了充分的研究.
- 老年人中嗅觉障碍的患病率仍然在很大程度上未被评估,尽管它对营养和安全的重要性.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定老年人嗅觉障碍的患病率.
- 为了研究年龄和嗅觉障碍之间的关系.
- 将客观的嗅觉测试与自我报告的嗅觉缺陷进行比较.
主要方法:
- 一项以人口为基础,对威斯康星州比弗大 (Beaver Dam) 53-97岁的2491名居民进行的横截面研究.
- 用圣地亚哥气味识别测试和自我报告问卷来评估嗅觉障碍.
- 数据是在听力损失流行病学研究的5年后续检查 (1998-2000年) 中收集的.
主要成果:
- 嗅觉障碍的总体患病率为24.5%,随着年龄的增长而显著增加.
- 80-97岁的个体中,嗅觉障碍的患病率为62.5%.
- 嗅觉障碍在男性中更为常见 (调整后的患病率为1.92),并且与吸烟,中风,和呼吸道感染有关. 与客观测试相比,自我报告的损伤 (9.5%) 被显著低估,老年人群的准确性较低.
结论:
- 嗅觉障碍在老年人中非常普遍,随着年龄的增长而升级.
- 自我报告的嗅觉缺陷是不可靠的,并且大大低估了客观发现.
- 医疗保健提供者和护理人员应主动查老年人嗅觉障碍,以解决对营养和安全的潜在风险.
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