蛋白质宇宙的结构和基因组的进化
Eugene V Koonin1, Yuri I Wolf, Georgy P Karev
1National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA. koonin@ncbi.nih.gov
Nature
|November 15, 2002
概括
蛋白质折叠的数量有限且小,分布不均. 基因组进化似乎是由一般机制驱动的,如偏好的附着,类似于无尺度网络.
科学领域:
- 结构生物学是结构生物学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 网络理论 网络理论
背景情况:
- 从理论上讲,蛋白质序列几乎是无限的.
- 然而,不同蛋白质折叠 (3D结构) 的数量是有限的,而且惊人地小.
- 这些折叠中蛋白质的分布非常不均,有常见的和罕见的折叠.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究蛋白质折叠分布的数学特性.
- 探索蛋白质折叠分布和基因组进化之间的关系.
- 要确定这些分布是否遵循普遍的数学定律.
主要方法:
- 分析不同基因组的蛋白质折叠和超级家族分布.
- 在多域蛋白中检查域连接性.
- 应用统计分析来确定权力-法律分布.
主要成果:
- 蛋白质折叠和家族大小分布表现出与功率定律一致的数学属性.
- 这些分布在不同的基因组中是相似的,并延伸到多域蛋白质结构.
- 观察到的分布与无尺度网络的特征一致.
结论:
- 蛋白质折叠分布由一般的数学原理,特别是功率定律,来决定.
- 基因组进化可能涉及诸如优先附着等机制,导致无尺度网络属性.
- 这些发现表明,生物系统发展中的普遍驱动力.
相关概念视频
01:13Protein Organization
Overview
02:47Protein Families
Protein families are groups of homologous proteins; that is, they have similarities in amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. Protein families usually occur because of gene duplication, where an additional copy of a gene is inserted into the genome of an organism. Mutations that change the amino acids but still allow the protein to be properly synthesized, will lead to new protein family members. If these new proteins contain similar amino acids in key locations, protein...
02:11Proteins: From Genes to Degradation
Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick. Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA molecules by RNA...
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA molecules by RNA...
02:47Protein Families
Protein families are groups of homologous proteins; that is, they have similarities in amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. Protein families usually occur because of gene duplication, where an additional copy of a gene is inserted into the genome of an organism. Mutations that change the amino acids but still allow the protein to be properly synthesized, will lead to new protein family members. If these new proteins contain similar amino acids in key locations, protein...
02:11Proteins: From Genes to Degradation
Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick. Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA molecules by RNA...
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA molecules by RNA...
01:24Protein Organization
Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.