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相关概念视频

Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
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Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:45

Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

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Tail-anchored, or TA, proteins are estimated to make up to 3-5% of membrane proteins found in the eukaryotic cell. Such proteins have a single transmembrane domain located approximately 30 amino acid residues upstream from the C-terminal end. As a result, the signal recognition particle (SRP) cannot guide a TA protein to the ER membrane for cotranslational insertion. Hence, they are integrated into the ER membrane post-translationally using their C-terminal end as the anchor. TA proteins...
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Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane

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The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
In eukaryotes, the translocon complex comprises a core heterotrimeric translocator channel called the Sec61 complex. This channel includes three transmembrane proteins, Sec61α, Sec61β, and Sec61γ, and is the largest subunit of the...
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Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

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Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinases01:26

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

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Receptor tyrosine kinases or RTKs are membrane-bound receptors that phosphorylate specific tyrosine on protein substrates. RTKs regulate cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and migration. They contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytosolic tail with intrinsic kinase activity. Several extracellular signaling molecules activate RTKs in one or more ways and relay the signal downstream. Ligands such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or...
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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相关实验视频

Updated: May 7, 2026

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
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适配器分子TIRAP为托尔类受体提供了信号特异性.

Tiffany Horng1, Gregory M Barton, Richard A Flavell

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

Nature
|November 26, 2002
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

收费类受体 (TLRs) 感知感染,激活免疫反应. 这项研究表明,适应蛋白TIRAP对于TLR4信号传输至关重要,但对于TLR5,TLR7或TLR9则不至关重要,这表明它在免疫传感中的作用不同.

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科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 遗传学 遗传学 是一个

背景情况:

  • 哺乳动物的托尔类受体 (TLRs) 是感染的关键传感器,启动先天性和适应性免疫反应.
  • TLRs通过它们的Toll/interleukin-1受体 (TIR) 域和适应蛋白MyD88.8.通过它们发出信号.
  • 虽然TLRs和IL-1受体通过MyD88发出信号,但个别受体通路不同.

研究的目的:

  • 研究适配蛋白TIRAP在托尔类受体信号传递中的作用.
  • 为了生成和表征缺少Tirap基因的小鼠.

主要方法:

  • 一代的Tirap缺乏的小鼠.
  • 对各种TLR连体 (TLR4,TLR5,TLR7,TLR9,TLR2,TLR1,TLR6) 和IL-1/IL-18.6的免疫反应的评估.
  • 对细胞因子生产,NF-kappaB激活和MAPK激活的分析.

主要成果:

  • 缺乏TIRAP的小鼠对TLR5,TLR7,TLR9连接体和IL-1/IL-18呈现正常反应.
  • 在对LPS (TLR4连接体) 的反应中观察到细胞因子生产和NF-kappaB/MAPK激活的缺陷.
  • 在Tirap缺乏的小鼠中,对TLR2,TLR1和TLR6配体的反应受损也被观察到.

结论:

  • TIRAP在托尔类受体信号传递中起着差异性作用.
  • TIRAP对于TLR4介导的免疫反应至关重要.
  • TIRAP可能会为个人TLR下游信号的特异性做出贡献.