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Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease
04:41

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Published on: July 3, 2018

预测心脏托波I和T在末期脏疾病中随后死亡的预测值.

Fred S Apple1, MaryAnn M Murakami, Lesly A Pearce

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minn 55415, USA. fred.apple@co.hennepin.mn.us

Circulation
|December 4, 2002
PubMed
概括

在末期脏疾病 (ESRD) 患者中心脏热素T (cTnT) 和心脏热素I (cTnI) 水平升高预测死亡率增加2至5倍. cTnT升高比 cTnI更普遍,与死亡有很强的关联.

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科学领域:

  • 心脏病学 心脏病学
  • 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學專業.
  • 临床生物化学 临床生物化学

背景情况:

  • 末期病 (ESRD) 与心血管风险增加有关.
  • 心肌损伤的生物标志物心脏热素在ESRD患者中经常升高.
  • 在ESRD中提升的热素的预后意义需要进一步阐明.

研究的目的:

  • 确定终期脏疾病 (ESRD) 患者心脏热血素I (cTnI) 和心脏热血素T (cTnT) 升高的患病率.
  • 评估升高的热素水平是否预测ESRD患者的死亡率.

主要方法:

  • 从733名ESRD患者的血清样本中分析了cTnI和cTnT水平.
  • 考克斯的比例危险回归模型被用来估计死亡的相对风险.
  • 卡普兰-梅尔曲线被用于时间到事件分析.

主要成果:

  • 较高比例的患者表现出较高的cTnT与cTnI相比,在各种切断线上表现出高的cTnT.
  • 升高的cTnT总是预测死亡率的增加,相对风险在3.9至5.0之间.
  • 升高的cTnI也预测死亡率,特别是在99百分点以上,相对风险在2.0-2.1.1左右.
  • 两年累积死亡率随着cTnT水平的提高而显著增加.

结论:

  • 在ESRD患者中,cTnT和cTnI水平升高与死亡风险增加2至5倍有关.
  • 在这个人群中,cTnT升高更为常见,并且似乎是比cTnI更强的死亡预测指标.
  • 年龄,冠状动脉疾病和透析持续时间也是ESRD患者死亡率的独立预测因素.