在美国成年人中过度饮酒
Timothy S Naimi1, Robert D Brewer, Ali Mokdad
1Alcohol Team, Emerging Investigations, and Analytic Methods Branch , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. tbn7@cdc.gov
JAMA
|December 31, 2002
概括
过度饮酒,定义为同时饮用五种或更多种酒精饮料,在美国有所增加. 这一趋势与成年人中驾驶障碍的可能性更高有关.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 药物滥用研究 药物滥用研究
背景情况:
- 过度饮酒,其特点是一次饮用5杯或更多的酒精饮料,与急性损伤和不良健康结果有关.
- 在美国,过度饮酒的发生率似乎在上升.
研究的目的:
- 为了量化1993-2001年美国成年人中过度饮酒事件的数量.
- 为了描述参与过度饮酒的个体.
- 描述各州和地区过度饮酒的地理差异.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自行为风险因素监测系统 (BRFSS) 的数据,这是美国年龄在18岁及以上的成年人的年度电话调查.
- 样本大小从1993年的102,263个变化到2001年的212,510个.
- 测量过度饮酒的患病率,发作的次数和每人每年发作的次数.
主要成果:
- 在1993年至2001年期间,饮酒过度的总数从12亿增加到15亿.
- 在研究期间,每人每年的暴饮暴饮事件增加了17% (6.3至7.4),自1995年以来大幅增加了35%.
- 男人占发病率的81%,虽然18-25岁的发病率最高,但69%的发病率涉及26岁及以上的成年人. 适度饮酒者占过度饮酒者的73%.
- 过度饮酒者与不过度饮酒者相比,在酒精影响下驾驶的可能性是14倍.
结论:
- 过度饮酒在美国的各种成年人群中普遍存在,包括26岁以上的人群.
- 人均暴饮暴饮事件的频率有所增加,特别是在1995年后.
- 过度饮酒与酒后驾驶有很强的相关性,需要广泛采用预防性干预措施和查滥用酒精.
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