早期大麻使用者中药物使用的升级与共同双胞胎对照
Michael T Lynskey1, Andrew C Heath, Kathleen K Bucholz
1Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. mlynskey@matlock.wustl.edu
JAMA
|January 22, 2003
概括
早期使用大麻会显著增加以后使用毒品和成的风险. 即使考虑到遗传和环境因素,这种关联仍然存在,这表明社会背景起着关键作用.
科学领域:
- 成研究研究成研究
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 早期开始使用大麻 (大麻) 是已知的后续药物使用和相关问题的风险因素.
- 以前的研究表明,青少年大麻使用和后来的药物滥用之间存在强烈的相关性.
研究的目的:
- 调查早期大麻使用与转向其他药物,滥用或依赖之间的联系在控制遗传和共同环境影响后是否仍然显著.
- 区分遗传倾向,共享环境和早期大麻使用对药物相关结果的直接影响.
主要方法:
- 在1996年至2000年期间,对311名澳大利亚同性双胞胎 (单胞胎和双胞胎) 进行了横截面调查.
- 参与者被评估早期使用大麻 (17岁之前) 和随后自我报告的使用其他药物 (镇静剂,幻觉剂,兴奋剂,阿片类药物),滥用/依赖 (包括大麻) 和酒精依赖.
主要成果:
- 在17岁之前使用大麻的个人与他们的双胞胎相比,其他药物使用,酒精依赖和药物滥用/依赖的几率高出2.1至5.2倍.
- 控制早期饮酒/吸烟,父母冲突,性虐待,行为障碍,抑郁和社会焦虑等因素对这些关联的影响很小.
- 观察到的关联在同卵双胞胎 (单卵双胞胎) 和双卵双胞胎 (双卵双胞胎) 之间没有显著差异.
结论:
- 早期大麻使用与后期药物使用/滥用/依赖之间的强烈关联不仅仅归因于共同的遗传或环境因素.
- 这些发现表明,围绕早期大麻使用的社会和同行背景是关键因素.
- 早期获得和使用大麻可能会降低被认为是障碍,并促进其他非法物质的获取.
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