侵袭性植物从真菌和病毒病原体中释放
Charles E Mitchell1, Alison G Power
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. cem46@cornell.edu
Nature
|February 7, 2003
概括
侵入性植物由于自然敌人较少而造成伤害,支持敌人释放假说. 然而,那些在新地区积累更多病原体的病原体较少入侵,支持生物耐药性.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 植物病理学 植物病理学
- 侵入性物种 生物学 生物学
背景情况:
- 侵入性植物物种对本地生物多样性构成重大威胁,并造成经济成本.
- 只有很小一部分自然化的植物物种成为有问题的害虫,需要了解驱动它们影响的因素.
研究的目的:
- 为敌人释放假说和生物耐药性假说提供定量支持,以解释入侵植物的不同影响.
- 研究病原体 (病毒和真菌) 在入侵植物物种生态成功和影响中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在473种在美国归化的欧洲植物物种中检查了病原体负载 (病毒,生,污垢,粉状菌),比较了本地和归化范围.
- 量化了感染每个植物物种的真菌和病毒物种的数量,无论是本地还是自然化的范围.
- 与农业和自然生态系统中入侵植物物种报告的有害性相关的病原体释放和积累.
主要成果:
- 平均而言,与本地范围相比,在自然化范围内的植物感染的真菌物种减少了84%,病毒物种减少了24%.
- 具有较大病原体释放率的侵入性植物更频繁地被报告为有害入侵者.
- 在其自然化范围积累了更多的病原体的有害农业杂草被报告为有害的范围较小.
结论:
- 结果强烈支持敌人释放假设,表明减少病原体负载有助于入侵成功.
- 证据支持生物耐药性假设,因为在自然化范围内的病原体积累增加与侵入性减少有关.
- 侵入性植物的影响受到敌人释放和病原体积累的双重过程的影响.
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