抗体多种特异性由构造多样性介导
Leo C James1, Pietro Roversi, Dan S Tawfik
1Centre for Protein Engineering, Medical Research Council Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2HQ, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 1, 2003
概括
一个单个抗体可以改变其结合位的形状,与不同的抗原相互作用. 这种形状的多样性扩大了抗体库,但也可能导致自身免疫性疾病和过敏.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 结构生物学 结构生物学
- 生物化学 生化学
背景情况:
- 抗体对于适应性免疫至关重要,识别特定的抗原.
- 传统观点认为,抗体具有单一的,固定的结合点形状.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究单个抗体的结构灵活性.
- 了解形状变化如何影响抗原结合和抗体功能.
主要方法:
- 用X射线结晶学来确定抗体结构.
- 稳定状态前动力学来分析结合动态.
- 选择列表以确定特定的抗体-抗原相互作用.
主要成果:
- 一个单个抗体表现出明显的结合部位构造,使其能够与无关的抗原结合.
- 确定了抗体异构体之间的平衡,其中一个异构体显示出乱交的低亲和度结合.
- 诱导适合性异构化导致了高亲和度的结合,与一个深,狭窄的网站.
- 一种蛋白质抗原利用了不同的抗体异构体,具有宽而浅的结合部位.
结论:
- 抗体结构多样性允许单个抗体序列执行多个功能.
- 这种灵活性提高了抗体库的有效大小.
- 然而,形状的多样性也可能使个人倾向于自身免疫和过敏.
相关概念视频
01:10Antibody Structure
Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
00:42Cross-reactivity
Overview
01:10Antibody Structure
Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
01:20Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
01:28Diversity of Antigen Receptors
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
01:25Antibody Structure and Classes
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.