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相关概念视频

Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Reverse Dissection and DiceCT Reveal Otherwise Hidden Data in the Evolution of the Primate Face
08:15

Reverse Dissection and DiceCT Reveal Otherwise Hidden Data in the Evolution of the Primate Face

Published on: January 7, 2019

来自爪的普世时期的直立人 (Homo erectus calvarium).

Hisao Baba1, Fachroel Aziz, Yousuke Kaifu

  • 1Department of Anthropology, National Science Museum, Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan. baba@kahaku.go.jp

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 1, 2003
PubMed
概括

直人Sambungmacan 4化石显示了现代人类的头骨底部曲,这表明头骨球状性是独立进化的. 这一发现支持了爪人对现代人类祖先的有限贡献.

科学领域:

  • 古人类学古人类学.
  • 人类进化人类进化
  • 古生物学的古生物学

背景情况:

  • 直人 (Homo erectus) 的进化历史为人类起源提供了洞察力.
  • 了解头骨形态变化是追踪人类血统的关键.
  • 爪 Homo erectus 化石记录为H. erectus 进化的后期阶段提供了一个独特的窗口.

研究的目的:

  • 为了分析Sambungmacan 4 (Sm 4) Homo erectus calvarium的头骨形态. 为了分析Sambungmacan 4 (Sm 4) Homo erectus calvarium的头骨形态.
  • 为了研究骨基曲和骨形状之间的关系,直立人.
  • 评估Sm 4在Homo erectus血统中的遗传地位及其对现代人类祖先的贡献.

主要方法:

  • 从普莱斯托时代沉积物中恢复直立人体 (Sm 4).
  • 微型计算机断层扫描 (CT) 分析Sm 4骨.
  • 与其他直立人化石和现代人类进行比较形态分析.

主要成果:

  • Sm 4的骨表现出现代人类的骨底部曲.
  • 观察到一个低矮的平面头 (平坦) ,与骨底部曲相结合.

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Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains
06:18

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Published on: November 30, 2021

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol
06:42

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Published on: August 18, 2023

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Reverse Dissection and DiceCT Reveal Otherwise Hidden Data in the Evolution of the Primate Face
08:15

Reverse Dissection and DiceCT Reveal Otherwise Hidden Data in the Evolution of the Primate Face

Published on: January 7, 2019

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains
06:18

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Published on: November 30, 2021

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol
06:42

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Published on: August 18, 2023

  • Sm 4的形态是早期和后来的爪人造物种之间的中间体,后来的标本显示出更专业的特征.

    • 结论:

    • 人类进化中的头骨球状性很可能是独立于头骨底部曲的进化.
    • 后来的爪人的形态特征直立人表明了人口的隔离.
    • 晚期普莱斯托时代的爪人群Homo erectus对现代人类的祖先做出了极小的贡献.