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What is Weather?01:07

What is Weather?

Overview
What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
Variation of Atmospheric Pressure01:18

Variation of Atmospheric Pressure

Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
Microbes and Climate Change01:27

Microbes and Climate Change

Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...

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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer
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大气二氧化碳和南极温度变化的时间跨越终点III.

Nicolas Caillon1, Jeffrey P Severinghaus, Jean Jouzel

  • 1Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/CNRS, L'Orme des Merisiers, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France. ncaillon@ucsd.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 15, 2003
PubMed
概括

温室气体变化在终结III期间将南极变暖延迟了800年,这表明温度和大气二氧化碳水平之间的复杂相互作用. 这一发现完善了我们对过去气候动态的理解.

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科学领域:

  • 古气候学 古气候学
  • 冰芯分析 冰芯分析
  • 气候变化研究 气候变化研究

背景情况:

  • 冰芯分析提供了温室气体记录,但气体年龄与冰河年龄的差异造成了时间不确定性.
  • 准确的过去气候事件的时间表对于理解气候动态至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 解决过去气候转型期间温室气体变化和温度波动之间的时间差异.
  • 用沃斯托克冰芯数据调查终结III期间事件的顺序.

主要方法:

  • 从沃斯托克冰芯的气泡中分析的同位素组成.
  • 专注于终止III时期 (大约. 在24万年前).

主要成果:

  • 同位素记录可能反映了终结III期间的温度和积累变化.
  • 二氧化碳 (CO2) 的增加使南极的变暖延迟了800 +/- 200年.
  • 二氧化碳的增加先于北半球脱冰.

结论:

  • 这项研究改进了过去气候变化事件的时间表.
  • 温室气体的增加跟随,而不是导致,最初的南极变暖.
  • 这对理解气候反机制有影响.