在真核生物基因表达中的噪音
William J Blake1, Mads KAErn, Charles R Cantor
1Center for BioDynamics, Center for Advanced Biotechnology, Bioinformatics Program, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
Nature
|April 11, 2003
概括
细胞基因表达是杂的,转录驱动细胞对细胞的变异性. 这种转录噪声,与原核生物不同,可以在翻译层面控制,并影响细胞分化.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 系统生物学 系统生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 在真核生物中,基因表达是定量和概率的,导致细胞异质.
- 基因表达的随机性是个体细胞对刺激反应的关键因素.
- 了解噪音源对于解释细胞变异性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查转录性静态性对真核细胞细胞异质性的贡献.
- 为了确定转录噪声是否可以在翻译层面调制.
- 探索噪音在基因调控网络和细胞分化中的作用.
主要方法:
- 利用了真核细胞转录启动的随机模型.
- 分析了脉动性信使RNA (mRNA) 的产生和重新启动.
- 研究了基因级联网络中的噪声传播.
- 在Saccharomyces cerevisiae中进行实验验证.
主要成果:
- 转录性静态性显著促进了真核细胞细胞异质性,不同于 prokaryotes.
- 通过重新启动脉冲性mRNA的产生对噪声依赖转录效率至关重要.
- 噪声可以在翻译级别调节.
- 调控蛋白中的转录噪声增加放大了细胞间的变异性,并延长了双稳态表达状态.
结论:
- 转录噪声是真核细胞克隆种群中异质性的主要驱动因素.
- 细胞的噪声机制,特别是脉动转录,从根本上不同于 prokaryotes.
- 在翻译层面调制噪声提供了一个控制机制.
- 转录噪声在表型变异和细胞分化过程中起着重要作用.
相关概念视频
01:42What is Gene Expression?
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
02:35Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area.
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
01:42What is Gene Expression?
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
02:41Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
The chromatin structure, especially...
01:36What is Gene Expression?
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
01:30Structure of a Gene
A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...