相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 6, 2026

07:48
Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research
Published on: November 26, 2015
改善在重症患者的知情同意过程
Nicole Davis1, Anne Pohlman, Brian Gehlbach
1Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Pritzker School of Medicine, and the Office of Risk Management, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill 60637, USA.
JAMA
|April 17, 2003
概括
在ICU中实施通用同意表格显著改善了对侵入性手术获得知情同意的情况. 这种干预增加了同意率,但没有对患者或代理人对风险和适应症的理解产生负面影响.
科学领域:
- 临界护理医学 临界护理医学
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 侵入性手术经常在重症监护室 (ICU) 紧急进行.
- 对这些程序的知情同意往往是具有挑战性的,因为患者没有反应或无法获得代理.
- 专科医生在获得知情同意方面的有效性需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 描述在ICU环境中进行侵袭性手术的知情同意过程.
- 评估简单干预措施对加强知情同意获取的影响.
主要方法:
- 一项前性研究,涉及270名在两个时期 (基线和干预) 接受大学医院ICU治疗的患者.
- 使用医院批准的八种常见侵入性手术的普遍同意表格进行干预,并补充了信息手册.
- 收集的数据包括知情同意的发生率,同意的来源 (患者与代理人),以及同意者对程序的理解.
主要成果:
- 对侵袭性手术的知情同意的发生率从基线时的53%增加到干预期间的90% (P<.001).
- 在这两个时期,代理提供了大多数同意 (71.6%的基线,65.6%的干预),在两组之间没有显著差异 (P =.23).
- 给予同意的人对程序指示和风险的理解仍然很高,并且不受干预的影响 (P = .75).
结论:
- 一个通用同意表格,当提供给患者,代理人和医疗保健临床医生时,大大提高了获得ICU程序知情同意的速度.
- 这种干预有效地增加了获得同意的过程,而不会影响同意者对程序的指示和风险的理解.
- 这些发现支持在重症监护机构实施标准化的同意流程.
相关概念视频
Nursing Ethical Principles II
Ethical principles are essential in guiding nurses to fulfill their responsibilities, focusing on the quality of nursing care and decision-making. These principles, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, shape the ethical framework within healthcare settings.
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
Initially, Mr. John's cancer...
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
Initially, Mr. John's cancer...
Ethical Issues
Nurses are essential in patient care, upholding the ethical principles of their profession and effectively navigating ethical dilemmas. Neglecting ethical issues can lead to inadequate patient care, compromised therapeutic relationships, and moral distress among healthcare workers.
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
Ethical Dilemmas II
Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:
Nurses' Legal Responsibilities I
In healthcare, informed consent is a crucial process that involves thoroughly communicating medical treatment options to patients, including benefits, risks, potential side effects, and alternatives. This process enables patients to make well-informed decisions about their care, ensuring they understand the implications of their choices before consenting to or refusing treatment.
The legal responsibilities of a nurse regarding informed consent include the following:
The legal responsibilities of a nurse regarding informed consent include the following:
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis
Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Psychosurgery
Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...

