招募艾滋病毒及其受体到树突细胞-T细胞结点
David McDonald1, Li Wu, Stacy M Bohks
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
概括
单细胞衍生的树突细胞 (MDDCs) 捕获并将HIV转移到T细胞,而不会感染. 艾滋病毒集中在细胞接触点,通过传染性突触促进传播.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 单细胞衍生的树突细胞 (MDDCs) 是参与抗原呈现的关键免疫细胞.
- 人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染T细胞,导致免疫缺陷.
- 状细胞 (DCs) 已涉及到艾滋病毒的传播,但机制仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究MDDCs与T细胞结合并转移HIV感染性的机制.
- 阐明细胞与细胞接触在由MDDCs介导的HIV传播中的作用.
主要方法:
- 使用活细胞显微镜可视化MDDC-T细胞相互作用期间的HIV动态.
- 进行了MDDC和T细胞之间形成的细胞结合体的分析.
- 评估了HIV和相关受体 (CD4,CCR5,CXCR4) 对接口的招募.
主要成果:
- 许多MDDC有效地结合和转移艾滋病毒,而不会感染.
- 观察到HIV被招募到MDDC和T细胞之间的细胞接触部位.
- 在MDDC-T细胞结合体期间,T细胞上的HIV受体 (CD4,CCR5,CXCR4) 和MDDC上的HIV都集中在接口上,即使没有抗原特异信号.
结论:
- MDDCs作为艾滋病毒转移到T细胞的有效载体.
- MDDCs和T细胞之间的细胞与细胞接触有助于艾滋病毒的传播.
- 传染性突触的形成,以病毒和受体的局部度为特征,被认为是有效传播艾滋病毒的机制.
相关概念视频
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR activation may...
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR activation may...
Adherens Junctions
Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types – adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Antigen Presenting Cells
The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...


