功能切换突变基因基于Ras超级家族小GTPases的形态分类
1Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Room 3215, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Cell
|May 7, 2003
概括
研究人员确定了信号蛋白中的关键氨基酸位置,以切换它们的细胞功能. 这一发现有助于理解蛋白质家族,并开发有针对性的疗法.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 蛋白质信号传递的过程
背景情况:
- 同一个家族内的信号蛋白可以表现出不同的细胞功能.
- 了解这种功能特异性的决定因素对于分子生物学和疾病研究至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定特定的氨基酸残留物,负责切换小GTPases的功能.
- 开发一种用于创建功能交换突变的预测算法.
主要方法:
- 100个构成性活跃的人类小GTPase的表达,以将细胞形态分为不同的组.
- 开发一种预测算法,以识别功能切换的氨基酸位置.
- 通过为几个小GTPases创建交换功能的突变,对算法进行实验验证.
主要成果:
- 小GTPases的表达导致了九个不同的细胞形态学类.
- 开发的算法成功预测了功能切换的氨基酸位置.
- 为Rac1,CDC42,H-Ras,RalA,Rap2B和R-Ras3.3创建了经过验证的功能切换突变.
- 功能切换的关键残留物通常位于已知的相互作用表面之外,并且结构上分散.
结论:
- 全基因组功能分类与功能切换突变生成相结合,是探索蛋白质家族特异性的强大方法.
- 这些发现挑战了关于蛋白质功能和特异性的残留物的位置的现有概念.
相关概念视频
GTPases and their Regulation
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒ small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins, also known...
Large G-proteins, also known...
The Ras Gene
The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
Ras is a superfamily...
GTPases and their Regulation
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒ small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins, also known...
Large G-proteins, also known...
Rab Cascades
Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
Small GTPases - Ras and Rho
Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
The Ras Gene
The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
Ras is a superfamily...


