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相关概念视频

Group Design02:01

Group Design

9.3K
The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
9.3K
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

10.8K
Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
10.8K
Obedience01:08

Obedience

26.2K
According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation,...
26.2K
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

6.3K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
6.3K
Blinding01:11

Blinding

2.9K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
2.9K
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

419
Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
419

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 2, 2026

Computerized Adaptive Testing System of Functional Assessment of Stroke
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基于实践的策略对初级保健医生的测试订单表现的影响:一个随机试验.

Wim H J M Verstappen1, Trudy van der Weijden, Jildou Sijbrandij

  • 1Center for Quality of Care Research, Department of General Practice, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. wim.verstappen@hag.unimass.nl

JAMA
|May 15, 2003
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

一个新的策略减少了初级保健医生订购的不必要的诊断测试. 这种方法,使用临床指南和反,在测试订购性能方面显示出适度的改善.

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E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
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Setup and Execution of the Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Death Notification Curriculum
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相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

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E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
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科学领域:

  • 主要护理医学 医疗保健
  • 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
  • 基于证据的实践.

背景情况:

  • 越来越多的初级保健医生 (PCP) 订购的诊断测试引发了人们对不必要利用的担忧.
  • 建立了基于证据的指导方针,强调需要优化测试订购实践.

研究的目的:

  • 评估一项旨在提高初级保健医生测试订单表现的多方面的策略.
  • 评估基于指南的反和社会互动对诊断测试利用的影响.

主要方法:

  • 采用了一个多中心,随机对照试验,具有平衡的,不完整的块设计.
  • 26个初级保健医生组 (174名医生) 在荷兰的五个地区参与了这项研究.
  • 一项涉及指导方针讨论,个人反报告和行动计划的干预措施在六个月内实施.

主要成果:

  • 接受干预的医生显示,针对分配的临床问题 (A臂) 订购的测试总数显著减少了12%.
  • 在A臂观察到不适当测试的显著减少,而B臂显示非显著的减少.
  • 与对照组相比,该干预措施导致A组在六个月内平均减少了每位医生67次更多的测试 (P=.01).

结论:

  • 一个基于实践的,多方面的策略,包括指导方针,反和社交互动,在初级保健医生的测试订单方面取得了适度的改善.
  • 这些发现表明,有针对性的干预措施可以积极影响初级保健机构的诊断测试使用情况.