城市化和土地利用变化对气候的影响
1University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20770-2425, USA. ekalnay@atmos.umd.edu
Nature
|May 30, 2003
概括
土地利用变化,包括城市化,通过增加地表温度,显著影响气候. 这项研究量化了土地使用情况.
科学领域:
- 气候科学 气候科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 大气科学 大气科学
背景情况:
- 温室气体排放和土地利用变化是人类对气候的主要影响.
- 将土地使用的变暖效应与温室气体分开是具有挑战性的,因为它们对每日平均地表温度的影响类似.
- 以前的城市化影响研究基于不同的分类方法 (人口与夜光) 产生了不一致的结果.
研究的目的:
- 估计土地利用变化对地表变暖的影响.
- 量化土地利用对日间温度范围观察到的下降的贡献.
- 与以前的研究相比,为土地利用驱动的变暖提供更准确的估计.
主要方法:
- 在美国大陆观察到的表面温度趋势与基于重新分析的温度重建 (对表面观测不敏感) 进行了比较.
- 利用观察到和重建的温度趋势之间的差异来隔离土地使用变化影响.
- 评估了对日间温度范围和平均表面变暖的影响.
主要成果:
- 土地利用变化,包括城市化,占日间温度范围观察到的下降的一半.
- 据估计,由于土地使用变化导致的平均地表变暖是每世纪0.27摄氏度.
- 这一土地利用变暖估计至少是之前仅基于城市化的估计的两倍.
结论:
- 土地利用变化是表面变暖和日间温度范围变化的重要驱动因素.
- 该方法有效地将土地利用影响与其他气候影响分开.
- 更新的估计强调了土地管理和城市化在气候变化中的重要作用.
相关概念视频
06:40An Improved Method for Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Anesthetized Mice
65.9K
This protocol describes an improved technique for the abundant collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with no contamination from blood. With greater sample collection and purity, more analyses can be performed using CSF to further our understanding of diseases that affect the brain and spinal...
65.9K
08:40Absolute Quantification of Aβ1-42 in CSF Using a Mass Spectrometric Reference Measurement Procedure
8.0K
A reference measurement procedure for the absolute quantification of Aβ1-42 in human CSF based on solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry is...
8.0K
11:47Treating SCA1 Mice with Water-Soluble Compounds to Non-Specifically Boost Mitochondrial Function
11.1K
We present a biochemical and behavioral protocol to evaluate the efficacy of mitochondria-targeted water-soluble compounds for the treatment of Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and other cerebellar neurodegenerative diseases.
11.1K
05:51Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
20.3K
Here, we describe a simple method of intracerebroventricular and intravascular injection of viral particles or fluorescent microbeads into the neonatal mouse brain. The localization pattern of the virus and nanoparticles could be detected by microscopic evaluation or by in situ hybridization.
20.3K
11:56A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
13.9K
Ascorbate plays numerous important roles in cellular metabolism, many of which have only come to light in recent years. Here we describe a medium-throughput, specific and inexpensive microplate assay for the determination of both intra- and extracellular ascorbate in cell culture.
13.9K
14:55Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System
61.6K
We describe a method to target drugs to the central nervous system by either implanting a catheter or performing a bolus injection into the right lateral ventricle in mice. We focus specifically on the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides. This technique is readily adaptable to other drugs and to...
61.6K


