人类APOBEC3G通过致命编辑新生逆转录的广泛抗逆病毒防御
Bastien Mangeat1, Priscilla Turelli, Gersende Caron
1Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Nature
|June 17, 2003
概括
人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) Vif蛋白计数器APOBEC3G,一种天生的防御. APOBEC3G在逆转录病毒DNA中触发G-to-A高突变,抑制HIV和其他逆转录病毒.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 病毒复制依赖于克服先天的防御能力,通常是通过病毒基因产物.
- 人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 病毒感染因子 (Vif) 蛋白质计数APOBEC3G,这是T淋巴细胞中的抗病毒蛋白质,对晚期病毒产生至关重要.
- 在存在APOBEC3G时,VIF缺陷的HIV是非传染性的.
研究的目的:
- 调查APOBEC3G的编辑潜力与HIV抑制的相关性.
- 确定APOBEC3G抑制HIV的机制.
- 评估APOBEC3G的抗病毒活性是否扩展到其他复原病毒.
主要方法:
- 在逆转录过程中证明APOBEC3G的抗病毒作用.
- 在新生的逆转录病毒DNA中分析G-to-A高突变.
- 对广泛的逆转录病毒进行APOBEC3G活动测试.
主要成果:
- 在逆转录过程中,APOBEC3G发挥了抗病毒作用.
- 在新生的逆转录病毒DNA中,APOBEC3G触发了G-to-A高突变.
- APOBEC3G对艾滋病毒和其他逆转录病毒具有抗病毒活性.
结论:
- APOBEC3G的编辑潜力与HIV抑制有关.
- APOBEC3G通过高突变作用作为对逆转录病毒的一般天生的防御机制.
- 这种机制涉及逆转录过程中逆病毒DNA的G-to-A高基因突变.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
43.0K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
43.0K
00:36Viral Mutations
33.0K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
33.0K
02:33Retroviruses
12.1K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.1K
01:26Size and Structure of Viral Genomes
1.2K
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
1.2K
01:29Viruses with RNA Genomes
1.5K
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
1.5K
01:28CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing
3.2K
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
3.2K