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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

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A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
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增强的脂质过氧化和血小板激活在1型糖尿病的早期阶段:白内素-6的作用和疾病持续时间.

Giovanni Davì1, Francesco Chiarelli, Francesca Santilli

  • 1Center of Excellence on Aging and Department of Medicine, University of Chieti G. D'Annunzio Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chieti, Italy. gdavi@unich.it

Circulation
|June 18, 2003
PubMed
概括

新发型1型糖尿病 (T1DM) 显示氧化应激增加和血小板激活,与炎症有关. 这些T1DM早期变化可能有助于监测疾病进展和治疗有效性.

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A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
10:03

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

Published on: February 28, 2013

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat
08:18

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat

Published on: August 14, 2013

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds
12:32

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科学领域:

  • 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
  • 代谢障碍 代谢障碍 代谢障碍
  • 心血管研究研究心血管研究

背景情况:

  • 糖尿病血管病变的发展与早期的病理生理事件有关.
  • 氧化应激和血小板激活与糖尿病并发症有关.

研究的目的:

  • 调查与糖尿病血管病变相关的1型糖尿病 (T1DM) 的早期事件.
  • 评估8-异质前列腺素F2alpha (8-异质PGF2alpha) 形成作为氧化应激的标志物.
  • 为了将8-iso-PGF2alpha与血栓糖A2 (TXA2) 生物合成和炎症标志物相关联.

主要方法:

  • 对46名患有T1DM (新发病与稳定) 的儿童和对照者的横截面研究.
  • 测量尿中的8-iso-PGF2alpha和11-dehydro-TXB2.2.
  • 评估的循环炎症标志物:IL-6,TNF-α,CRP.
  • 12个月后对一小部分患者的随访测量.

主要成果:

  • 与对照组和稳定的T1DM相比,新发T1DM患者的8-iso-PGF2alpha,11-dehydro-TXB2,IL-6,TNF-alpha和CRP水平显著更高.
  • 在IL-6和8-iso-PGF2alpha和11-dehydro-TXB2.2之间发现了显著的相关性.
  • 1年后,患者显示脂质过氧化,血小板激活和炎症标志物减少.

结论:

  • 增强的脂质过氧化和血小板激活是T1DM的早期事件,可能是由急性炎症驱动的.
  • 像8-iso-PGF2alpha和11-dehydro-TXB2这样的非侵入性标记物可以帮助理解T1DM病理生理学.
  • 这些标记物可能对监测旨在预防T1DM并发症的干预措施有用.