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相关概念视频

Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Carrier Generation and Recombination01:22

Carrier Generation and Recombination

Carrier generation is the process by which electron-hole pairs (EHPs) are created within the semiconductor. In direct-bandgap semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), this occurs efficiently when energy absorption prompts valence electrons to leap into the conduction band, leaving behind holes.
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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
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Published on: June 15, 2017

亚博烯光异构化的机制和动态.

Thomas Schultz1, Jason Quenneville, Benjamin Levine

  • 1Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 0R6.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 3, 2003
PubMed
概括

研究人员使用先进的光谱学和模拟研究了跨-亚兴奋状态的动态. 他们发现了两个关键的激发状态,解释了光异构化研究中以前的不一致性,并提出了一个新的机制.

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科学领域:

  • 摄影化学的使用.
  • 分子动力学分子动力学
  • 频谱学是一种光谱学.

背景情况:

  • 跨-亚烯表现出复杂的光异构化.
  • 之前的研究报告了相互矛盾的机制和量子产量.
  • 跨-亚的兴奋状态景观还没有完全被理解.

研究的目的:

  • 为了阐明跨-二的兴奋状态动态.
  • 为了解决光异构化机制中的差异.
  • 为了研究量子输出的波长依赖性.

主要方法:

  • 5秒时间分辨率的光电子光谱学.
  • 一开始的分子动力学模拟.

主要成果:

  • 识别了两个接近退化的pi pi*激发状态 (S2和S3,4).
  • 这些状态存在于以前认为只包含一个状态的光谱区域中.
  • 这些发现为理解相互矛盾的实验报告提供了基础.

结论:

  • 提出了对转-二的光异构化机制的修订模型.
  • 新发现的兴奋状态对于解释观察到的现象至关重要.
  • 这项工作促进了对阿佐烯光化学的理解.