今年我们能阻止多少儿童死亡?
Gareth Jones1, Richard W Steketee, Robert E Black
1Division of Policy and Planning, United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY 10017, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 11, 2003
概括
有效的儿童生存干预措施存在于五岁以下儿童的主要死亡原因. 这些基于证据的干预措施的普遍实施可以预防63%的儿童死亡,但全球覆盖率仍然很低.
科学领域:
- 儿童健康 儿童健康
- 全球公共卫生全球公共卫生
- 预防医学 预防医学
背景情况:
- 儿童死亡率仍然很高,每年有超过1000万人死于腹,肺炎和营养不良等可预防的原因.
- 现有的干预措施针对五岁以下儿童的主要死亡原因,包括传染病和新生儿并发症.
研究的目的:
- 根据在低收入环境中提供有效性的证据,审查和分类儿童生存干预措施.
- 评估普遍干预覆盖面对降低儿童死亡率的潜在影响.
主要方法:
- 干预措施被分为1级 (证据足够),2级 (证据有限) 和3级 (证据不足).
- 在低收入环境中提供高覆盖的可行性是干预分类的关键考虑因素.
主要成果:
- 对于大多数主要的儿童死亡原因,有1级干预措施,对于出生窒息有2级干预措施.
- 大多数儿童生存干预措施的全球覆盖率低于50%.
- 一级或二级干预措施的普遍可用性可以预防63%的儿童死亡.
结论:
- 基于证据的干预措施可用于显著降低儿童死亡率并实现全球卫生目标.
- 减少儿童死亡的主要障碍是不充分的分娩和现有的有效干预措施的全球覆盖率低.
- 增加获得和提供经过验证的儿童生存策略对于改善全球儿童健康结果至关重要.
相关概念视频
Vaccinations
Overview
Cancer Prevention
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
Preventive Healthcare Services
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
Cancer Prevention
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison
In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...


