由炭病致死毒素损害树突细胞和适应性免疫力
Anshu Agrawal1, Jai Lingappa, Stephen H Leppla
1Emory Vaccine Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
Nature
|July 18, 2003
概括
炭病致命毒素 (LT) 破坏树突细胞信号传递,损害了对抗Bacillus anthracis感染至关重要的免疫反应. 这种毒素通过向关键免疫细胞,作为一种免疫逃避策略.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 炭,由Bacillus anthracis引起,是一个重要的生物威胁剂.
- 炭病致死毒素 (LT) 是一个关键的毒性因素,有助于疾病的严重程度.
- 状细胞对于启动对病原体的适应性免疫是至关重要的.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究炭病致死毒素 (LT) 对树突细胞功能的影响.
- 阐明LT破坏宿主免疫反应的机制.
- 了解LT在Bacillus anthracis免疫逃避中的作用.
主要方法:
- 树突细胞暴露于炭病致死毒素 (LT).
- 用脂聚糖 (LPS) 刺激暴露于LT的树突细胞.
- 评估共刺激分子表达,细胞因子分泌和T细胞刺激.
- 在体内分析LT对抗原特异性T细胞和B细胞免疫力的影响.
主要成果:
- LT严重损害了树突细胞的功能,因为它破坏了基因激活蛋白 (MAP) 激酶信号传递.
- 经过LT治疗的树突细胞显示,共刺激分子上调的减少,以及促炎性细胞因子分泌的减少.
- 在体内,LT暴露导致无效的抗原特异性T细胞刺激.
- 系统性给予LT严重损害T细胞和B细胞免疫力.
结论:
- 炭病致死毒素 (LT) 在Bacillus anthracis感染期间抑制宿主免疫力.
- 通过向树突细胞中的MAP激酶,LT利用一种免疫逃避策略.
- 由LT破坏树突细胞信号传递会解除宿主免疫反应,促进细菌病原性.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Bacterial Toxins
Bacterial toxins are sophisticated virulence factors that enable pathogenic bacteria to interact with, invade, and damage host tissues. These toxins fall broadly into two types: protein exotoxins, which are secreted into the environment and target specific host receptors, and lipopolysaccharide endotoxins, which are structural components of the bacterial outer membrane released primarily during bacterial lysis or membrane shedding. Exotoxins generally act more selectively, binding to cell...
Inhalation Anthrax
Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. It primarily affects herbivorous animals but can be transmitted to humans through skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation of spores.Cutaneous anthrax, the most common form, typically results from direct contact with bacterial spores through skin abrasions and is generally less severe. Gastrointestinal anthrax results from eating undercooked or contaminated meat. It affects the mouth, throat, or...
Botulism
Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...


