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针头RNAs和逆转移素LTRs对RNAi和基于染色体的基因沉默产生影响
Vera Schramke1, Robin Allshire
1Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Scotland, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 19, 2003
概括
短毛RNA沉默基因表达,可以改变基因组. 在裂变酵母中,合成毛针RNA通过RNA干扰 (RNAi) 触发同源的位点静音和静音染色体组合.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
背景情况:
- 众所周知,短发针RNAs (shRNAs) 通过各种生物体的mRNA降解来使基因表达沉默.
- 由shRNAs启动的RNA干扰 (RNAi) 途径已被观察到可以诱导基因组变化,例如DNA甲基化,在植物的标RNA同源位点.
- 精确的机制和RNAi介导的基因组效应的更广泛的影响,特别是在非植物真核生物中,需要进一步的研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查合成毛RNA表达是否可以诱导分裂酵母中的基因沉默和相关的表观遗传修饰.
- 阐明RNA干扰机械和特定表观遗传修饰剂在这种沉默过程中的作用.
- 探索逆转移素长终端重复 (LTRs) 在细胞分化过程中调节基因表达的潜在参与.
主要方法:
- 在裂变酵母中合成毛RNA的表达.
- 在同源位置对基因沉默的分析.
- 对静态染色体组合 (Swi6,凝聚素) 的评估以及对RNAi组件和Clr4基因组甲基转移酶的要求.
- 对小干扰RNA生成的研究.
- 通过LTRs调解的中介性基因抑制的检查.
主要成果:
- 合成毛RNA的表达足以使转化裂变酵母中的同类位点沉默.
- 这种沉默伴随着沉默的Swi6染色体域和凝聚力的组装.
- 该过程需要RNAi机械部件和Clr4基因组甲基转移酶来产生小干扰RNA.
- 发现类似的机制抑制了介质基因,涉及附近的逆转移素LTRs.
结论:
- 合成毛RNA表达可以诱导位特异性沉默和分裂酵母中的异染色素形成.
- RNAi通路和Clr4基因组甲基转移酶对于启动这种表观遗传修饰至关重要.
- 间隔的LTRs通过这种RNAi依赖机制在细胞分化过程中调节基因表达起着重要作用.
相关概念视频
01:23Types of RNA
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
01:23RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
01:23RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
02:30siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
02:15Experimental RNAi
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
01:20Types of RNA
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
RNA Performs Diverse...