异色素和基因表达的表观遗传控制
Shiv I S Grewal1, Danesh Moazed
1Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. grewals@mail.nih.gov
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 9, 2003
概括
表观基因异种染色体域组织真核DNA,调节基因表达和染色体分离. 它们的形成涉及逐步基因组修饰,蛋白质复合体和RNA干扰的新发现作用.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
背景情况:
- 细胞DNA被组织成功能域,控制基因表达和染色体行为.
- 表观遗传性异染色体域对于调节大规模染色体结构,基因沉默和适当的染色体分离至关重要.
- 了解这些异染色蛋白域的组装是理解基因组组织和功能的关键.
研究的目的:
- 阐明构成表观遗传异染色蛋白域组合的分子机制.
- 为了确定关键的酶,结构蛋白和参与异色染色体形成的调节因素.
- 研究非编码RNA和RNA干扰在建立这些域中的潜在作用.
主要方法:
- 审查最近的研究,确定酶和结构蛋白涉及到 heterochromatin 组装.
- 分析通过沉默复合体进行基因素修饰的逐步过程.
- 检查染色体纤维扩散机制,包括自我寡合化和基因尾相互作用.
- 研究非编码RNA和RNA干扰 (RNAi) 途径的作用.
主要成果:
- 异色染色体组装涉及通过沉默复合体介导的顺序性组织蛋白修饰.
- 这些复合物通过自我寡合化和与修饰的基因素尾巴相互作用,沿着染色素纤维传播.
- 非编码RNA和RNA干扰 (RNAi) 在表观遗传染色体域的形成中起着意想不到但重要的作用.
结论:
- 异染色蛋白域的形成是一个复杂的,分阶段的过程,涉及蛋白质机械和基因组修饰的协调作用.
- 发现RNAi的作用扩大了我们对表观遗传调节和基因组组织的理解.
- 这些发现为保持基因组稳定性和通过表观遗传机制控制基因表达提供了洞察力.
相关概念视频
01:46Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
01:01Euchromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
01:46Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
02:38Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
01:37Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
02:38Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...