欧洲重症监护室的生命终端实践:伦理学研究
Charles L Sprung1, Simon L Cohen, Peter Sjokvist
1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
JAMA
|August 14, 2003
概括
在欧洲重症监护室 (ICU) 限制维持生命治疗是常见的,但在各国之间存在很大差异. 患者年龄,诊断和地区等因素影响这些生命终结决策.
科学领域:
- 密集护理医学 密集护理医学
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 标准化实践指南正在影响患者护理,但关于在重症监护中放弃维持生命的治疗,存在道德困境.
- 终身护理实践在不同国家和文化中表现出显著的多样性.
研究的目的:
- 确定欧洲重症监护病房 (ICU) 临终治疗的频率和类型.
- 分析欧洲ICU中这些实践的相似性和差异.
主要方法:
- 一项前性观察性研究在17个欧洲国家的37个ICU中进行.
- 连续死亡或生命维持治疗有任何限制的患者被纳入.
- 从1999年1月到2000年6月,前性地定义和分析了生命周期末期的做法.
主要成果:
- 在31,417例ICU入院患者中,13.5%的患者死亡或生命维持治疗受到限制,其中72.6%的病例涉及治疗限制.
- 在终身治疗实践中观察到实质性的跨国差异,包括保留 (38%),取消治疗 (33%) 和不成功的心肺复苏 (20%).
- 在7个国家报告了死亡过程的积极缩短 (2%),与相关的阿片类药物和二二类药物的剂量类似于用于缓解症状的剂量.
结论:
- 限制维持生命治疗是欧洲ICU中常见但变化的做法.
- 患者的年龄,诊断,ICU停留时间,地理和宗教因素与治疗限制有关.
- 在取消疗法,缩短死亡过程和疼痛/痛苦管理之间存在潜在的缺乏清晰度.
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