通过宿主切换在繁殖寄生原生鸟中的物种化
Michael D Sorenson1, Kristina M Sefc, Robert B Payne
1Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. msoren@bu.edu
Nature
|August 22, 2003
概括
非洲原鸟提供了一个令人信服的对交配物种化的案例. 雄性和雌性鸟都会在宿主物种上留下印记,通过宿主特定的声音和视觉模仿来推动繁殖隔离和物种化.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 鸟类学 鸟类学是一门学科.
- 规范研究研究 规范研究
背景情况:
- 同样特征的物种化,即新物种来自于占据同一地理区域的单一祖先物种,在理论上是合理的,但在经验上具有挑战性.
- 非洲原住民鸟 (Vidua spp.) 在非洲. 是繁殖寄生虫,以其宿主特定的行为而闻名,包括模仿宿主幼儿的口腔标记和成年宿主歌曲.
- 这些模仿行为对于伴侣选择和寄生是至关重要的,可能会导致印地鸟种群中的生殖隔离.
研究的目的:
- 研究非洲原生鸟物种之间的遗传差异化.
- 为了测试这种假设,宿主特异性印记在两性都有助于最近的鸟的交配物种化.
- 为了比较印地鸟的物种化机制与其他繁殖寄生虫 (如常见) 的物种化机制.
主要方法:
- 基因分析比较不同鸟物种的线粒体单双型和核等位基因频率.
- 行为观察,重点关注幼和成人的宿主特异模仿 (歌声和口腔标记).
- 在相关的繁殖寄生物种中,与已知的物种化机制进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- 鸟物种在遗传上总体上是相似的,但在线粒体和核遗传标记中表现出显著的差异化.
- 强有力的证据支持了最近的交配物种化,这是由雄性和雌性鸟的宿主特异性印记所驱动的.
- 不同于普通,只有雌性表现出宿主忠诚度,鸟中的两性都会在宿主上留下印记,促进物种化.
结论:
- 遗传和行为数据强烈支持了非洲鸟近期同型物种的模型.
- 雄性和雌性鸟对宿主特定的印记是推动繁殖隔离和新物种形成的关键机制.
- 鸟提供了一个众所周知的共性物种化的实证例子,突出显示了行为印记在进化分歧中的作用.
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